Effects of upper airway anaesthesia on respiratory-related evoked potentials in humans

Redolfi, Stefania

doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00139804

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Thus these two studies support contributions of the inspiratory muscle and upper airway mechanoreceptors in eliciting the RREP. This is also consistent with the report that airway anaesthesia does not alter the RREP [22]. Hence, multiple sources of afferent activity that can elicit the RREP are broadly distributed throughout the respiratory system [4,6,7,23,24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Respiratory-related evoked potential elicited in tracheostomised lung transplant patients

Davenport¹

2006

European Respiratory Journal

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The present study investigated the role of removal of upper airway and lung vagal afferents in the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) response to inspiratory occlusions in two patients with a tracheostomy, who had undergone double lung transplantation (DLT).The patients were 1.5 and 3 months post-DLT and surgical placement of the tracheostomy. RREP recordings in response to inspiratory occlusions were obtained under four conditions: mouth breathing ignore trial; mouth breathing attend trial; tracheostomy breathing attend trial; and tracheostomy breathing ignore trial.The RREP peak components, Nf, P1 and N1, were present in both mouth and tracheostomy ignore breathing trials. The P300 was present in both mouth and tracheostomy attend trials. RREP peak latencies were similar between conditions. The peak amplitudes were greater with mouth breathing due to greater occlusion-related inspiratory pressure.These results demonstrate that the respiratory-related evoked potential can be elicited with inspiratory occlusion in the absence of mouth, upper airway and lung vagal afferent input. This suggests that inspiratory occlusion can elicit cortical activity with activation of inspiratory pump mechanoreceptors.KEYWORDS: Cerebral cortex, inspiratory occlusion, respiratory muscles W hen ventilation is obstructed, stimulated, challenged or attended to, these changes induce cognitive awareness of breathing. Cognitive awareness of the mechanical status of ventilation is essential for patient respiratory self-management and requires that respiratory-related afferent information be made available to regions of the cerebral cortex that permit conscious awareness of, and attention to, breathing. The respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) is a unique measure of cerebral cortical activity elicited by breathing against a mechanical load. It provides quantification of both the initial arrival and processing of afferent information at the primary sensory cortex and its subsequent cognitive processing by other associative cortical areas. These neural processes result in patients orienting attention towards ventilation, fear, anxiety, sleep state and behaviour. Induced awareness of ventilation is of profound protective importance, alerting the patient to disrupted ventilation. Failure of cognitive awareness of respiratory mechanical changes is one cause of life-threatening asthmatic attacks [1][2][3]. It is likely that the RREP is mediated by multiple respiratory mechanoreceptor populations; however, the afferents mediating the RREP remain unknown.The RREP has been elicited via inspiratory occlusion, inspiratory loads and negative pressures applied during an inspiration [4][5][6][7][8]. The RREP has been recorded from scalp electrodes in humans and subdural electrodes in lambs [4,9]. The short-latency P1 peak of the RREP is generated in the somatosensory cortex [9,10]. The P1 peak of the RREP can be elicited via inspiratory occlusion in humans with lung vagal denervation [8]. However, it is not known whether inspir...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Respiratory-related evoked potential elicited in tracheostomised lung transplant patients

Davenport¹

2006

European Respiratory Journal

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“…Using a maximum of 200 µV as the cutoff amplitude, 72 occlusion epochs per participant were retained on average. Based on previous reports (e.g., Davenport et al, 1986; Redolfi et al, 2005; Webster and Colrain, 2000a), the RREP components were identified as follows: Nf = negative peak in the frontal region (latency: 25–50 ms), P1 = positive peak in the centro-parietal region (latency: 45–65 ms), N1 = negative peak in the centro-lateral region (latency: 85–125 ms), P2 = positive peak in the central region (latency: 160– 230 ms), and P3 = positive peak in the centro-parietal region (latency: 250–350 ms).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical sources of the respiratory-related evoked potential

Leupoldt¹,

Keil²,

Chan³

et al. 2010

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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The respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) is increasingly used to study the neural processing of respiratory signals. However, little is known about the cortical origins of early (Nf, P1, N1) and later RREP components (P2, P3). By using high-density EEG, we studied cortical sources of RREP components elicited by short inspiratory occlusions in 18 healthy volunteers (6 female, mean age 20.0 ± 1.8 years). Topographical maps for Nf and P1 showed bilateral maximum EEG voltages over the frontal and centro-parietal cortex, respectively. Cortical source analyses (minimum norm estimates) in addition to topographical maps demonstrated bilateral sensorimotor cortex origins for N1 and P2 which were paralleled by an additional frontal cortex source (p’s < 0.05). The source of the P3 was located at the parietal cortex (p < 0.05). The results support previous findings on the cortical sources of early RREP components Nf , P1 and N1 and demonstrate the cortical sources of later RREP components P2 and P3.

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“…Because inaccurate perception of respiratory sensations has critical implications for both self-management and clinical treatment, the present study firstly examined the effects of anxiety on neural correlates of respiratory perception by using the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) extracted from the electroencephalogram (EEG). The RREP is a measure of cerebral cortical activity elicited by short inspiratory occlusions (Chan and Davenport, 2010; Davenport et al, 1986; Huang et al, 2008; Logie et al, 1998; Redolfi et al, 2005). The early RREP components Nf, P1 and N1 (< 130 ms post stimulus) reflect the initial arrival and first-order sensory processing of afferent respiratory signals in sensorimotor regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of anxiety on the neural processing of respiratory sensations

et al. 2011

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Previous studies demonstrated that anxiety considerably impacts the reported perceptions of respiratory sensations. A novel feature of the current study is exploring the impact of anxiety on the neural processing of respiratory sensations elicited by short inspiratory occlusions during different affective contexts. Using high-density EEG, respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREP) were recorded in 23 low and 23 matched higher anxious individuals when viewing unpleasant or neutral picture series. Low anxious individuals showed the expected pattern of reduced magnitudes of later RREP components P2 and P3 during the unpleasant compared to the neutral affective context (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). In contrast, higher anxious individuals showed greater magnitudes of P2 and P3 during the unpleasant compared to the neutral affective context (p's < 0.05). Moreover, higher anxiety levels were correlated with greater magnitudes for P2 (r = 0.44, p < 0.01) and P3 (r = 0.54, p < 0.001) during the unpleasant relative to the neutral affective context. Earlier components of the RREP (Nf, P1, N1) were not affected by anxiety. This study demonstrates that anxiety affects the later, higher-order neural processing of respiratory sensations, but not its earlier, first-order sensory processing. These findings might represent a neural mechanism that underlies the increased perception of respiratory sensations in anxious individuals.

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Effects of upper airway anaesthesia on respiratory-related evoked potentials in humans

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Respiratory-related evoked potential elicited in tracheostomised lung transplant patients

Respiratory-related evoked potential elicited in tracheostomised lung transplant patients

Cortical sources of the respiratory-related evoked potential

The impact of anxiety on the neural processing of respiratory sensations

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