Effects of Tyrosine and Tryptophan Supplements on the Vital Indicators in Mice Differently Prone to Diet-Induced Obesity

Abstract

We studied the effects of the addition of large neutral amino acids, such as tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp), in mice DBA/2J and tetrahybrid mice DBCB receiving a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) for 65 days. The locomotor activity, anxiety, muscle tone, mass of internal organs, liver morphology, adipokines, cytokines, and biochemical indices of animals were assessed. The Tyr supplementation potentiated increased anxiety in EPM and contributed to a muscle tone increase, a decrease in the AST/ALT ratio, and an increase in protein anabolism in both mice strains. Tyr contributed to a decrease in liver fatty degeneration and ALT reduction only in DBCB that were sensitive to the development of obesity. The addition of Trp caused an increase in muscle tone and potentiated an increase in anxiety with age in animals of both genotypes. Trp had toxic effects on the livers of mice, which was manifested in increased fatty degeneration in DBCB, edema, and the appearance of micronuclei in DBA/2J. The main identified effects of Tyr on mice are considered in the light of its modulating effect on the dopamine neurotransmitter metabolism, while for the Trp supplement, effects were presumably associated with the synthesis of its toxic metabolites by representatives of the intestinal microflora.

NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach to Investigate the Effects of Fruits of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus in a High-Fat Diet Induced Mouse Model

“…The effect of tyrosine, a neutral amino acid, in an animal models of diet-induced obesity has been reported in previous studies. In the previous study, tyrosine administration showed a decrease in liver fatty degeneration and a reduction in ALT, and no distinct fatty degeneration was observed in the liver tissue [ 37 ]. In another experiment, fatty degeneration was significantly attenuated in the liver tissue of the tyrosine-treated group, and triglycerides and LDL were normalized in the tyrosine-treated group [ 38 ].…”

Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health

“…This Special Issue contains seven reviews and nine original research articles that conclusively demonstrate developmental programming and reprogramming [ 1 ], uniqueness of tryptophan [ 2 ], the role of 5-hydroxytryptophan [ 3 ], tryptophan AhR-ligands in the skin [ 4 ], the impacts of tryptophan metabolites on coronavirus pathophysiology [ 5 ], tryptophan metabolism in organ transplantation [ 6 ], gut-derived 5-hydroxytryptamin [ 7 ], effects of AhR-ligands on melanoma cells [ 8 ], effects of stress and escitalopram on genes of the tryptophan catabolite pathways [ 9 ], formation of tryptophan derivatives by Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ 10 ], the relationship between tryptophan-related fluorescence in urine and malignant melanoma [ 11 ], the effects of tryptophan supplementation on milk protein synthesis and energy metabolism [ 12 ], the induction of tryptophan deficiency and dysbiosis with associated increased systemic inflammation in aged mice [ 13 ], the effects of tyrosine and tryptophan supplementation on diet-induced obesity [ 14 ], degradation products of tryptophan [ 15 ], and the molecular interactions of nitrofurantoin and albumin [ 16 ].…”