Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health

Pöeggeler, Burkhard; Singh, Sandeep Kumar; Pappolla, Miguel A.

doi:10.3390/ijms23105455

Cited by 8 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The authors attributed this effect to interactions between AADC and α-synuclein, which forms in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites during PD. Dietary factors may also influence TRP metabolite levels because TRP is an essential amino acid that humans cannot biosynthesize . The relationship between dietary TRP consumption and its levels in the body will thus affect the levels of its derived metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Exhibit Altered Tryptophan Metabolism in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Kaleta,

Hényková,

Menšíková

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Some pathological conditions affecting the human body can also disrupt metabolic pathways and thus alter the overall metabolic profile. Knowledge of metabolic disturbances in specific diseases could thus enable the differential diagnosis of otherwise similar conditions. This work therefore aimed to comprehensively characterize changes in tryptophan metabolism in selected neurodegenerative diseases. Levels of 18 tryptophan-related neuroactive substances were determined by high throughput and sensitive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in time-linked blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 100 age-matched participants belonging to five cohorts: healthy volunteers (n = 21) and patients with Lewy body disease (Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies; n = 31), four-repeat tauopathy (progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome; n = 10), multiple system atrophy (n = 13), and Alzheimer’s disease (n = 25). Although these conditions have different pathologies and clinical symptoms, the discovery of new biomarkers is still important. The most statistically significant differences (with p-values of ≤0.05 to ≤0.0001) between the study cohorts were observed for three tryptophan metabolites: l-kynurenine in cerebrospinal fluid and 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine and 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan in blood serum. This led to the discovery of distinctive correlation patterns between the profiled cerebrospinal fluid and serum metabolites that could provide a basis for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative tauopathies and synucleinopathies. However, further large-scale studies are needed to determine the direct involvement of these metabolites in the studied neuropathologies, their response to medication, and their potential therapeutic relevance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Exhibit Altered Tryptophan Metabolism in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Kaleta,

Hényková,

Menšíková

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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“…Patients treated with interferon alpha (IFN-α) show reduced levels of Trp, augmented levels of kynurenine (Kyn), and elevated Kyn/Trp ratio activity together with an increase in depressive symptoms ( Correia and Vale, 2022 ). An elevated Trp to kynurenine ratio, conversely, reflects endogenous adaptation to stress ( Poeggeler et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Special Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s mood at high altitude. sexual dimorphism in hypoxic stress modulation by the tryptophan–melatonin axis

et al. 2023

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Sexual (and gender)-dimorphism in tolerance to hypobaric hypoxia increasingly matters for a differential surveillance of human activities at high altitude (HA). At low altitudes, the prevalence of anxiety and depression in women has already been found to double when compared with men; it could be expected to even increase on exposure to HA. In purposefully caring for the health of women at HA, the present work explores the potential involvement of the tryptophan (Trp)–melatonin axis in mood changes on exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The present work highlights some already known anxiogenic effects of HA exposure. Hypoxia and insomnia reduce serotonin (5-HT) availability; the latter defect being expressed as failure of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and mood disorders. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep organization and synapsis restoration that are additionally affected by hypoxia impair memory consolidation. Affective complaints may thus surge, evolving into anxiety and depression. Sex-related differences in neural network organization and hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, and certainly also during the life cycle, underscore the possibility of 5-HT–related mood alterations, particularly in women on HA exposure. The mean brain rate of 5-HT synthesis at sea level is already 1.5-fold higher in males than in females. sexual dimorphism also evidences the overexpression effects of SERT, a 5-HT transporter protein. Gonadal and thyroid hormones, as influenced by HA exposure, further modulate 5-HT availability and its effects in women. Besides caring for adequate oxygenation and maintenance of one’s body core temperature, special precautions concerning women sojourning at HA should include close observations of hormonal cycles and, perhaps, also trials with targeted antidepressants.

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“…Food rich in L-arginine and antioxidants can exert potent anti-aging effects that increase health and fitness. Biomatrix precision supplementation uses nutrients that target the decisive metabolic pathways [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. These are the arginine and tryptophan pathways, and they have to be rerouted [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Chrononutrition and Synchronisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research has confirmed the decisive roles of these metabolic pathways in regulating and determining human health [40][41][42]. Exploring new avenues that enable active living and healthy aging by preserving our fitness throughout our entire lifetime is the ultimate aim and goal of ongoing research in the field [43][44][45][46][47][48]. The upregulation of NO bioavailability can prevent premature aging and neurodegeneration characterized by cognitive decline [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Determinants Of Life and Health Spanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L-arginine and L-arginine-rich food can reroute tryptophan metabolism from prooxidant indoles and kynurenines to antioxidant indole agents that restore a healthy nitric oxide: superoxide anion radical ratio [21,41,43,48]. A relative disease or age-dependent L-arginine deficiency and L-tryptophan depletion can cause significant oxidative stress and degeneration [34,41,65].…”

Section: Nitric Oxide Boosts Protective Tryptophan Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitric Oxide as a Determinant of Human Longevity and Health Span

Poeggeler,

Singh,

Sambamurti

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The master molecular regulators and mechanisms determining longevity and health span include nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radicals (SOR). L-arginine, the NO synthase (NOS) substrate, can restore a healthy ratio between the dangerous SOR and the protective NO radical to promote healthy aging. Antioxidant supplementation orchestrates protection against oxidative stress and damage—L-arginine and antioxidants such as vitamin C increase NO production and bioavailability. Uncoupling of NO generation with the appearance of SOR can be induced by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). L-arginine can displace ADMA from the site of NO formation if sufficient amounts of the amino acid are available. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acids can scavenge SOR and increase the bioavailability of NO. The topics of this review are the complex interactions of antioxidant agents with L-arginine, which determine NO bioactivity and protection against age-related degeneration.

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Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health

Abstract: Tryptophan is a rate-limiting essential amino acid and a unique building block of peptides and proteins [...]

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Patients with Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Exhibit Altered Tryptophan Metabolism in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Patients with Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Exhibit Altered Tryptophan Metabolism in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Women’s mood at high altitude. sexual dimorphism in hypoxic stress modulation by the tryptophan–melatonin axis

Nitric Oxide as a Determinant of Human Longevity and Health Span

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