Effects of two zinc supplementation levels and two zinc and copper sources with different solubility characteristics on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestibility of growing‐finishing pigs

Villagómez-Estrada, Sandra; Pérez, J. F.; Kuijk, Sandra van; Melo-Durán, Diego; Karimirad, Razzagh; Solà-Oriol, David

doi:10.1111/jpn.13447

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Most studies suggest that Cu enhances performance during early growing and finishing periods with less or no response during the late finishing period ( Hastad et al, 2001 ). However, in our study and other research, the results were observed at the end of the finishing period, demonstrating that the CHC can be more effective in pig heavier at the market weight ( Coble et al, 2017 ; Villagómez-Estrada et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…The results of the present study are partially consistent with findings of Van Kuijk et al (2019) that reported based on a meta-analysis that pigs fed 80 mg Zn/kg as hydroxychloride associated with 15 mg Cu/kg have an improvement in lean meat percentage and also at the end of the finisher period, the gain:feed ratio and ADG were both raised by 3.9% compared with those fed sulfates. Villagómez-Estrada et al (2021) also observed that pigs fed hydroxychloride source showed an improvement by 0.75% carcass yield and tended an increase by 5.94% the ADG at the end of the finisher period than those fed sulfates, regardless of Zn level (20 or 80 mg Zn/kg) associated with 15 mg Cu/kg as CuSO 4 in all treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Copper and zinc hydroxychloride cosupplementation improve growth performance and carcass and reduce diarrhea frequency in grower-finisher pigs

Mendonça

Nakasone

Martinez

et al. 2021

Translational Animal Science

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This study investigated copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) hydroxychloride cosupplementation on the growth performance, diarrhea frequency, carcass, meat quality, and antioxidant activity in grower-finisher pigs. A total of 256 pigs were used from 70 to 154 days (d) of age, distributed in four treatments, with eight pigs in each pen and eight replications per treatment. Diets were provided to grower pigs from 70 to 112 days old and in the finisher, 112 to 154 days old. Copper was considered the low level at 100 mg Cu/kg and 90 mg Cu/kg, respectively, and 150 mg Cu/kg in both periods as high in the grower and finisher periods. In the grower and finisher period, zinc was cosupplemented in the diet at 80 mg Zn/kg and 70 mg Zn/kg, respectively. In the diets, T1 and T2 groups are the traditional inorganic sources for minerals (copper sulfate, CuSO4; zinc oxide, ZnO) and T3 and T4 hydroxychloride sources (copper hydroxychloride, CHC, and zinc hydroxychloride, ZHC). The flavomycin was associated with treatments with low Cu content in the inclusion of 50 g/ton. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, the data were submitted to analysis of PROC MIXED in SAS, the PDIFF test analyzed the treatment effect. At the finisher period, pigs fed both minerals from hydroxychloride source had a higher BW 154 d, average daily gain (ADG) 70 to 154 d, the hot and cold carcass weight and frequency of normal feces than those fed 150 mg Cu/kg and Zn from a traditional inorganic source (P < 0.05). The animals fed low Cu levels of the sulfate source had a higher ADG 70 to 154 d than those fed high Cu levels of the same source (P < 0.05). Pigs fed 150 mg Cu/kg cosupplemented with Zn from a hydroxychloride source had the highest carcass length (P < 0.05). There was no difference among the treatments for meat quality (P > 0.05). Pigs fed 150 mg Cu/kg and Zn from a traditional inorganic source had a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Animals fed low Cu levels from hydroxychloride had a higher malondialdehyde (MDA) formation than those fed sulfate source, regardless of the Cu levels and those fed high Cu levels of hydroxychloride (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 150 mg Cu/kg as copper sulfate cosupplemented to zinc oxide in the diet of growing and finishing pigs impairs the growth performance, carcass and increases diarrhea frequency, and copper and zinc hydroxychloride cosupplementation improves these characteristics.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Copper and zinc hydroxychloride cosupplementation improve growth performance and carcass and reduce diarrhea frequency in grower-finisher pigs

Mendonça

Nakasone

Martinez

et al. 2021

Translational Animal Science

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“…Another important characteristic of HTM is related to their crystalline structure [ 25 ]. This structure results in a low solubility above pH 4 [ 9 ], possibly leading to a more gradual release throughout the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, more minerals are available later in the intestine of HTM-fed birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydroxychloride trace minerals (HTM) are a good example of a more bioavailable mineral source in broilers compared to sulphate trace minerals (STM) [ 7 ]. In addition, HTM do have a unique crystalline structure that is not readily soluble at a pH above 4 [ 8 , 9 ]. Moreover, HTM are much less reactive in the feed than STM, and do not interact with antinutritional factors such as phytate [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxychloride trace minerals have a positive effect on growth performance, carcass quality and impact ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens

Kuijk¹,

Han²,

García-Ruíz³

et al. 2021

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background The objective was to study the effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals (HTM) on growth performance, carcass quality and gut microbiota of broiler chickens in comparison to sulphate trace minerals (STM). In total 1440 male Ross 308 day-old chicks were divided into 12 replicate pens with 30 birds each per treatment. Four different treatments were tested according to a 2 × 2 factorial study design, where the animals received a three phase diet containing either inorganic Zn from sulphates or Zn from HTM in high (80 mg/kg Zn) or low Zn dosage (20 mg/kg Zn). In all treatments 15 mg/kg Cu was added from the same mineral source as the Zn. Body weight and feed intake were measured on day 0, 10, 27 and 34, while carcass and breast meat yields were measured at the end of the study (day 34). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed in digesta samples from ileum and cecum to study the gut microbiome (day 34). Results The results showed an improved (P < 0.05) body weight of broiler chickens fed HTM, regardless of Zn level, on day 27, while on day 34 this effect remained as a tendency (P = 0.0542). In the overall study period, birds fed HTM had a higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake when compared to birds fed STM. The mineral source did not affect the carcass characteristics, however, feeding 80 mg/kg Zn resulted in a significantly higher (P = 0.0171) breast meat yield, regardless of source. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota revealed a higher microbial diversity in the ileum and cecum of HTM fed birds compared to STM fed birds. Taxonomical differences were mainly found in the cecum, specifically between the group fed high and low Zn levels from HTM. This correlated with the mineral contents observed in the cecal digesta. Comparing both groups fed 80 mg/kg Zn, the HTM group had more Streptococcaceae, Streptococcus, Clostridia, Weissella and Leuconostocaceae compared to the STM group. Conclusions HTM improved growth performance of broiler chickens; and the source and level of Zn modulated the gut microbiota communities in broilers differentially.

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“…Головною умовою, яка забезпечує інтенсивність обміну речовин, є достатнє і збалансоване потрапляння в організм будівельного матеріалу, що включає як органічні так і неорганічні речовини (Villagómez-Estrada et al, 2020).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Preventive efficacy of trace elements chelates in poultry farming (review)

2021

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Trace elements in the body of the bird are in small quantities, but their role in productivity remains important. In order to get a quality carcass at the slaughterhouse, you need a constant supply of nutrients and, last but not least, microelements. Zinc and Manganese are essential trace elements that affect the growth and development of birds. And their deficiency in the body has a negative effect on the productivity of birds. In the diet of broilers trace elements are mainly added with a premix in the form of inorganic salts (sulfates, carbonates). However, these micronutrient compounds in the body of the bird are insufficiently absorbed, and increasing the dose of their introduction can cause toxicosis. Therefore, in order to prevent microelementosis, it is more appropriate to use organic compounds (chelates), which have a much higher level of bioavailability and less release into the environment. This review article describes the prophylactic efficacy of Zinc and Manganese chelates in micronutrient deficiencies in broiler chickens and laying hens. With a deficiency of a particular trace element develop metabolic disorders and other pathologies (perosis, etc.). Based on the presented data, it can be concluded that the use of organic forms of trace elements in poultry feeding is a better alternative to inorganic sources, as they can be used in smaller quantities. But due to their greater bioavailability, they are better absorbed, which has a positive effect on the productivity of broilers. Since knowledge about the use of chelated forms of trace elements in comparison with inorganic forms (salts, sulfates, etc.) in the diet of poultry is still poorly understood, it is necessary to further conduct research to prevent micronutrient deficiencies in these compounds.

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Effects of two zinc supplementation levels and two zinc and copper sources with different solubility characteristics on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestibility of growing‐finishing pigs

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Copper and zinc hydroxychloride cosupplementation improve growth performance and carcass and reduce diarrhea frequency in grower-finisher pigs

Copper and zinc hydroxychloride cosupplementation improve growth performance and carcass and reduce diarrhea frequency in grower-finisher pigs

Hydroxychloride trace minerals have a positive effect on growth performance, carcass quality and impact ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens

Preventive efficacy of trace elements chelates in poultry farming (review)

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