Effects of toxic chemicals on macrophage phagocytosis in two estuarine fishes

Weeks, B. A.; Warinner, J. Ernest

doi:10.1016/0141-1136(84)90086-2

Cited by 94 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Estuarine sediments are a sink for hydrophobic toxicants, and spot that live in chronically contaminated estuaries can exhibit changes in biotransformative or antioxidant enzyme levels (Roberts & Sved 1983) or decreases in phagocytic activity (Weeks & Warriner 1984). Although contaminant body burdens were not measured in the current study, there is experimental evidence that copepods exposed to pesticides accumulate the contaminants and transfer them to spot predators, resulting in a decrease in brain acetylcholinesterase levels in the spot (DiPinto 1996).…”

Section: Prey Taxonmentioning

confidence: 45%

Predation on meiofauna by juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus (Pisces) in contaminated sediments from Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, USA

Street¹,

Coull²,

Chandler³

et al. 1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Meiofauna are a major food source for estuarine juvenile fish despite the fact that meiofauna often live in close contact with sediment-associated contaminants. Although there is laboratory evidence that fish feeding on contaminated meiofauna can build up significant contaminant body burdens, whether or not fish predation on meiofauna is affected by sediment contamination in the field has not been well established. To answer thls question, the number and taxa of meiobenthic prey items consumed by fish were compared between contaminated and uncontaminated habitats. A model predator, luvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus (Pisces) was allowed to feed on natural meiobenthic communities in experimental sediment microcosn~s. Significantly more meiofauna were observed in the uncontaminated reference site (1060 nematodes per 10 cm2, 177 copepods per 10 cm2) than in the contaminated site (278 nematodes per 10 cm2. 97.5 copepods per 10 cm2). Although harpacticoid copepods were found in the foreguts of spot from both contaminated (mean 22.1 prey per fish) and uncontaminated (mean 13.7 prey per fish) sediments, there were few, if any, significant reductions in meiofauna abundance due to predation. There were differences between contaminated and uncontaminated sediments in taxa eaten by spot, but these differences were most likely due to differences between the meiofauna communities from the 2 sites, not differences in fish feeding behavior. Despite the potential adverse effects of eating meiofauna from contaminated sediments, juvenile spot do not avoid them.

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Section: Prey Taxonmentioning

confidence: 45%

Predation on meiofauna by juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus (Pisces) in contaminated sediments from Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, USA

Street¹,

Coull²,

Chandler³

et al. 1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…4,7) Unfortunately, it is very hard to catch resident fish in highly polluted rivers, and thus it is almost impossible to determine the biological crisis in these rivers. These critical difficulties of previous monitoring systems could be solved by the application of casein induced SD rat macrophages, or at least, this study suggested a solution for the difficulties in environmental studies from both a scientific and economical point of view.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an in vitro Environmental Monitoring System by Using Immune Cells.

Shim

Jung

Chung

et al. 2002

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Phagocytic abilities between casein-induced Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat macrophage and kidney macrophage of fish were compared. First of all, latex bead phagocytosis abilities of macrophages from rat and fish by the same water sample were compared. In vitro exposure of the water samples to the induced SD rat macrophages for 4 hr at concentrations ranging from 10 × to 80 × of the water sample reduced the latex bead phagocytosis of the macrophages with concentration dependency. This result was similar with that of the head kidney macrophages from Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus. The most important advantage of using rat macrophage is its availability, because it is very hard to catch resident fishes in highly polluted rivers, and it is almost impossible to determine the extent of biological crisis in the river. These critical difficulties of previous monitoring systems could be solved by the application of casein-induced SD rat macrophages. With the above result, rat macrophage was used to investigate the acute toxicity of polluted water samples and compare pollution levels of the Kumho, Kum and Mankyung Rivers and Miho Creek in the southern part of Korea. Finally, it was confirmed that the in vitro monitoring system for exposure of SD rat macrophage to polluted water samples was available for environmental monitoring purposes.

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“…The rnacrophage fract~ons were removed from the gradients and the viable cell concentration was determined by trypan blue exclusion. Macrophage identity was based on nonspecific esterase stain, morphological characteristics using light microscopy, and phagocytosis of Escherichia coli as confirmed by electron microscopy (Weeks & Warinner 1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent reports have described the in vitro chemotactic activities of macrophages and neutrophils from various fish species (Griffin 1984, Obenauf & Smith 1985, Weeks et al 1986). This laboratory has recently investigated another macrophage function, phagocytosis, with mac-@ Inter-Research/Pnnted in F. R Germany rophages from spot Leiostomus xanthurus and hogchoker Tr~necfes maculatus (Weeks & Warinner 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotactic response of fish macrophages to Legionella pneumophila: correlation with pathogenicity

Ba¹,

Sommer²,

Dalton³

1988

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Chemotaxis is the directional migration of cells in response to a chemical stimulus. This phenomenon appears to be responsible for the accun~ulation of macrophages during inflammation This work represents an attempt to understand certain aspects of host-parasite relationships in Legionnaire's Disease. In the first phase of this study, we measured the chemotactic stimulation of fish macrophages by 2 strains of Legionella pneumophila, one virulent and one avirulent for guinea pigs. Results from this part of the study, coupled with the possibility that reduced chemotaxis may b e a factor contributing to increased virulence, led us to initiate the second phase of this work to determine the correlation between in vitro chemotaxis and the degree of virulence of L. pneumophila for spot Leiostonius xanthurus. These studies demonstrated that virulent cells did not attract n~acrophages to the extent that avirulent cells did. The percentage of macrophages migrating toward virulent Legionella at 90 min was 24 as compared to 61 for the avirulent strain. In vivo studies showed that intraperitoneal injection of 1 to 2 X 10'' viable cells of vlrulent L. pneumophjla killed 100 ":, of the fish within 2 d whereas the same number of avirulent L pneumophila resulted in death in only 58 '10 of the fish within 2 d after injection.

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Effects of toxic chemicals on macrophage phagocytosis in two estuarine fishes

Cited by 94 publications

References 4 publications

Predation on meiofauna by juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus (Pisces) in contaminated sediments from Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, USA

Predation on meiofauna by juvenile spot Leiostomus xanthurus (Pisces) in contaminated sediments from Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, USA

Development of an in vitro Environmental Monitoring System by Using Immune Cells.

Chemotactic response of fish macrophages to Legionella pneumophila: correlation with pathogenicity

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