Effects of Torreya grandis Kernel Oil on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Flora in C57BL/6J Mice

Abstract

Background. Recent experimental studies have shown that vegetable oil supplementation ameliorates high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in mice via modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and the composition of the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the Torreya grandis kernel oil (TKO) rich in unpolysaturated fatty acid against hyperlipidemia and gain a deep insight into its potential mechanisms. Methods. Normal mice were randomly divided into three groups: ND (normal diet), LO (normal diet supplement with 4% TKO), and HO (normal diet supplement with 8% TKO). Hyperlipidemia mice were randomly divided into two groups: HFN (normal diet) and HFO (normal diet supplement with 8% TKO). Blood biochemistry and histomorphology were observed; liver RNA-seq, metabolomics, and gut 16S rRNA were analyzed. Results. Continuous supplementation of TKO in normal mice significantly ameliorated serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and free fatty acid (FFA) accumulation, decreased blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA), and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels. According to GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid pathways, and significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) might be involved in the metabolism of lipids. High-dose TKO improved gut alpha diversity and beta diversity showing that the microbial community compositions of the five groups were different. Conclusion. Supplementation of TKO functions in the prevention of hyperlipidemia via regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and enhancing microbiota richness in normal mice. Our study is the first to reveal the mechanism of TKO regulating blood lipid levels by using multiomics and promote further studies on TKO for their biological activity.

The Ameliorative Effect and Mechanisms of Ruditapes philippinarum Bioactive Peptides on Obesity and Hyperlipidemia Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Mice

“…These studies suggest the potential for RBPs to improve obesity and hyperlipidemia by regulating the gut microbiota. Decreases in serum TC, TG, and HDL have been reported to be related to increased gut microbiota richness [ 46 ], which is consistent with our observations.…”

“…The gut microbiome has critical roles in protecting human health and preventing metabolic diseases [ 46 ]. Studies showed that the body weight of germ-free recipient mice is affected by the microbiota of different mice (obese or lean mice), confirming that the gut ecosystem plays a critical role in weight management [ 47 ].…”

Effect of dietary administration of Chinese torreya nut on reproductive function in ICR female mice and its possible mechanism of action

“…The active compounds in Chinese torreya nut seeds can help improve cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure, decreasing cholesterol levels, improving blood flow, reducing plaque accumulation in arteries, and preventing blood clots and may be used for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and enhancing immune function (Xiao et al, 2022). However, it is still unclear what effect Chinese torreya nuts have on the regulation of specific hormones and reproductive-related aspects.…”

“…Oil extracted from Chinese torreya nut contains a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid and linoleic acid (Zhang et al., 2022), which have been shown to have various health benefits, such as reducing inflammation, improving lipid profiles, and preventing cardiovascular disease. The active compounds in Chinese torreya nut seeds can help improve cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure, decreasing cholesterol levels, improving blood flow, reducing plaque accumulation in arteries, and preventing blood clots and may be used for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and enhancing immune function (Xiao et al., 2022). However, it is still unclear what effect Chinese torreya nuts have on the regulation of specific hormones and reproductive‐related aspects.…”

In Vitro Antioxidant Properties and Phenolic Profile of Acid Aqueous Ethanol Extracts from Torreya grandis Seed Coat

“…In addition to being widely consumed as edible nuts, Torreya grandis has also been considered as a highly nutritious and health-promoting edible oil source in China [ 5 , 9 , 10 ]. Therefore, previous studies have mainly focused on the extraction, processing, and utilization of oil from Torreya grandis seeds, which leads to the inevitable production of many by-products such as the aril, seed coat, and meal during the processing of Torreya grandis [ 7 , 11 , 12 ].…”