Effects of TNF-α and IL-10-819 T>C single nucleotide polymorphisms on urogenital schistosomiasis in preschool children in Zimbabwe

Abstract

Background: Knowledge gaps exist between host genetic factors and susceptibility to schistosomiasis.Objective: This study determined cytokine levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (rs1800629) and interleukin (IL)-10 (rs1800871) and their possible impact on susceptibility to schistosomiasis in preschool-age children in the Madziva area of Shamva district, Mashonaland Central province, Zimbabwe.Methods: Urogenital schistosomiasis was diagnosed using the urine filtration method, while a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for cytokine level determination. The survey was done in August 2015 and reinfection levels post treatment were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months. Amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction with visualisation on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis was used for genotyping.Results: Schistosomiasis prevalence was found to be 10.5% (59/563). Reinfections were detected in only six children at 3 months and only one was reinfected at 12 months. There were no significant differences in TNF-α-308 G/A allele or genotype frequencies between the Schistosoma haematobium infected participants (p = 0.360) and uninfected participants (p = 0.279). However, no children with the IL-10-819 TT genotype had schistosomiasis. The TNF-α GG genotype corresponded with significantly lower TNF-α levels when compared with the GA or AA genotypes (p 0.001), and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in infected children compared to uninfected children (p 0.001).Conclusion: Higher TNF-α levels and lower IL-10 levels are potentially protective against schistosomiasis infection. The IL-10-819 TT genotype is potentially protective against infection through its association with lower IL-10 levels.

bla SHV-12 gene detection from Klebsiella pneumoniae producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase using amplification-refractory mutation system method

“…When the primer matches the template, amplification will take place [16]. The presence or absence of ARMS product results could then simply be analyzed by electrophoresis agarose gel [17], and visualized by UV spectroscopy.…”

Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa

“…Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease currently infecting more than 140 million persons, of which 90% of the burden is in the SSA region ( 220 ). The prevalence of schistosomiasis in SSA is high in endemic regions of some countries e.g., above 50% amongst school age children in some communities in Ethiopia ( 221 ), 40-44.1% in Nigeria ( 222 , 223 ), 21.1% in Ghana ( 224 ), 10.05-26.8% in Zimbabwe ( 225 , 226 ), while some countries such as Senegal have reported a decrease from 78% to about 11% in school age children over a 12-year schistosomiasis control program ( 227 ).…”

Frequency distribution of cytokine and associated transcription factor single nucleotide polymorphisms in Zimbabweans: Impact on schistosome infection and cytokine levels

“…In addition, Marume and colleagues identified an association between IL10 SNP rs1800871, protection from S . haematobium infection and lower IL-10 production [ 23 ]. Genetic variation within cytokine and TF genes that are associated with schistosomiasis are often also associated with perturbation to the T H 1/T H 2 balance and the expression of cytokines involved in responding to infection.…”