Effects of titanium-based nanotube films on osteoblast behaviorin vitro

Abstract

One of the major research interests of nanomedicine is the designing of harmless and biocompatible medical devices. To improve the features of Ti surface, TiO2 based nanotube (TNT) films (50 nm diameter) achieved by anodic oxidation and thermal treatment were grown on titanium and on Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloys. Their in vitro toxicity and biocompatibility were investigated using G292 osteoblast cell line. The LDH release after 24 and 48 h of exposure demonstrated that TNT layers were not cytotoxic. The cell growth on TNT films deposited on titanium and Ti6Al4V was significantly increased compared with Ti6Al7Nb. F-actin staining showed a better organized actin cytoskeleton in osteoblasts grown on these two samples, which provide the best conditions for osteoblast attachment and spreading. Analysis of GSH distribution revealed a higher nuclear level in the samples with TNTs compared with Ti plate without nanotubes, indicating an active proliferation. Thus, nuclear glutathione levels can be used as a useful biomarker for biocompatibility assessment. Our results suggest that the substrate for TNTs can have a significant impact on cell morphology and fate. In conclusion, the TNT/Ti and TNT/Ti6Al4V were toxicity-free and can provide a proper nanostructure for a positive cell response.

Improved Osteoblast and Chondrocyte Adhesion and Viability by Surface-Modified Ti6Al4V Alloy with Anodized TiO2 Nanotubes Using a Super-Oxidative Solution

“…In a recent study, Stan et al suggested that NTs on Ti6Al4V alloy enhanced G292 osteoblast cell growth when compared to anodized Ti6Al7Nb alloy [41]. Likewise, in another study, Saharudin et al suggested that NTs on Ti6Al4V alloy increased PA6 cell adhesion and viability when compared to the non-anodized material [42].…”

A new complex ceramic coating with carbon nanotubes, hydroxyapatite and TiO2 nanotubes on Ti surface for biomedical applications

“…The ratio between the amount of nuclear GSH and cytoplasmic GSH provides valuable information regarding the proliferative status of the cells grown on different surfaces [24]. As shown in Fig.…”

“…After 24 h of cultivation on TiO 2 , TiO 2 /HA and TiO 2 / MWCNT-COOH/HA samples, the intracellular GSH was labeled and quantified as it was previously described [24]. Briefly, the cells were incubated with 5 mM CellTracker Green 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA; Molecular Probes from Invitrogen) for 30 min at 37 1C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO 2 .…”

The Effect of Hierarchical Micro/Nanotextured Titanium Implants on Osseointegration Immediately After Tooth Extraction in Beagle Dogs

“…Rupp reported that a microstructure produced by sandblasting and acid etching enhances the osteogenic properties of titanium . Additionally, a surface nanotopography such as TiO 2 nanotube coatings has been shown to enhance the osteogenesis owing to its positive effects on cell adhesion, orientation, differentiation, and migration . Furthermore, a recent study found that a hierarchically micro/nanotextured surface possessed a better bioactivity due to the similar dimensional scale as that of bone collagen fibrils and elasticity resembling that of bones .…”

“…13 Additionally, a surface nanotopography such as TiO 2 nanotube coatings has been shown to enhance the osteogenesis owing to its positive effects on cell adhesion, orientation, differentiation, and migration. 14,15 Furthermore, a recent study found that a hierarchically micro/ nanotextured surface possessed a better bioactivity due to the similar dimensional scale as that of bone collagen fibrils and elasticity resembling that of bones. 16 Research from Zhang has demonstrated implants with micro/nanotextured surface could promote osseointegration when implants inserted into canine femur.…”