Effects of time-restricted access to protein and to carbohydrate in adult mice and rats

DiBattista, David

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90042-m

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Some work indicates that rodents fed a protein deficient diet or animals experiencing protein stress (e.g., pregnancy) spontaneously select high protein diets under choice feeding conditions (66). Such a specific appetite does not exist for carbohydrate or fat (67). Among humans, both children and the elderly with compromised protein status express a preference for soup containing casein hydrolysate compared to soup alone despite its stronger bitter taste (265, 190).…”

Section: Metabolic Responses To Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Macronutrients, Appetite, and Energy Intake

et al. 2016

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Each of the macronutrients, carbohydrate, protein and fat, has a unique set of properties that influence health, but all are a source of energy. The optimal balance of their contribution to the diet has been a long-standing matter of debate. Over the past half century, there has been a progression of thinking regarding the mechanisms by which each may contribute to energy balance. At the beginning of this time period, the emphasis was on metabolic signals that initiated eating events (i.e., determined eating frequency). This was followed by an orientation to gut endocrine signals that purportedly modulate the size of eating events (i.e., determined portion size). Most recently, research attention has been directed to the brain where the reward signals elicited by the macronutrients are viewed as potentially problematic (i.e., contribute to disordered eating). At this point the predictive power of the macronutrients for energy intake remains limited.

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Section: Metabolic Responses To Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Macronutrients, Appetite, and Energy Intake

et al. 2016

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“…Although animals restricted for both energy and protein actively seek the missing nutrient, there is no evidence for carbohydrate-seeking in carbohydrate-restricted animals. Hamsters with restricted access to carbohydrate but provided with sufficient energy showed no preference for carbohydrate ( 45 ) , in contrast to a strong preference for protein following protein restriction. A similar observation was made for hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y expression, which increased in response to both protein and energy restriction, but not following the isoenergetic restriction of carbohydrate ( 46 ) .…”

Section: Behavioural Evidence For the Regulation Of Intake And Selectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural and metabolic regulation of macronutrient intake and selection

et al. 2012

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There is considerable disagreement regarding what constitutes a healthy diet. Ever since the influential work of Cannon and Richter, it was debated whether the ‘wisdom of the body’ will automatically direct us to the foods we need for healthy lives or whether we must carefully learn to eat the right foods, particularly in an environment of plenty. Although it is clear that strong mechanisms have evolved to prevent consumption of foods that have previously made us sick, it is less clear whether reciprocal mechanisms exist that reinforce the consumption of healthy diets. Here, we review recent progress in providing behavioural evidence for the regulation of intake and selection of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. We examine new developments in sensory physiology enabling recognition of macronutrients both pre- and post-ingestively. Finally, we propose a general model for central neural processing of nutrient-specific appetites. We suggest that the same basic neural circuitry responsible for the homoeostatic regulation of total energy intake is also used to control consumption of specific macro- and micronutrients. Similar to salt appetite, specific appetites for other micro- and macronutrients may be encoded by unique molecular changes in the hypothalamus. Gratification of such specific appetites is then accomplished by engaging the brain motivational system to assign the highest reward prediction to exteroceptive cues previously associated with consuming the missing ingredient. A better understanding of these nutrient-specific neural processes could help design drugs and behavioural strategies that promote healthier eating.

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“…Optimal foraging theory posits that, for a given food environment, animals will maximize their gross energy gain which is the difference between the metabolic energy yield of the food and the cost of obtaining it (Schoener 1971). Much evidence supports this general proposition, although there will be exceptions such as when a particular constituent (e.g., protein) may be more important than actual energy yield per se (DiBattista 1991). In animals, cost is measured in terms of physical exertion and time.…”

Section: Foraging Cost and Conveniencementioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted Temporal Access to Food and Anorexia: Modelling Systems

Rowland¹,

Minaya²,

Robertson³

2017

Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation

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The observation that the demand for a commodity decreases as its unit price increases is called demand elasticity. Applied to food, and to rodents in an operant behavior situation, we call this cost-based anorexia. We review evidence that rats and mice show cost-based anorexia when food is available in either 23-h (continuous access) protocols or as discrete food opportunities. The decrease in food intake of rats at higher unit food price is associated with sustained high operant response rates that, in the food opportunity protocol, occupy the entire time available. In contrast, mice do not show sustained high response rates and, in the food opportunity protocol, show rapid decline of food intake within a meal even when intake is very low and weight loss rapid. Differential price experiments, either for the same food at different times or for different foods, show that mice do not maximize their response efforts. The behavior of mice under imposed cost conditions has some similarity to the behavior of human anorexia nervosa, and potential mechanisms are discussed briefly. Keywords Anorexia nervosa • Activity-based anorexia • Cost-based anorexia • Elasticity of demand • Food intake • Operant behavior • Rats • Mice • Animal model • Homeostasis • Body weight • Differential food cost • Zeitgeber • Palatability

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Effects of time-restricted access to protein and to carbohydrate in adult mice and rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

The Macronutrients, Appetite, and Energy Intake

The Macronutrients, Appetite, and Energy Intake

Neural and metabolic regulation of macronutrient intake and selection

Restricted Temporal Access to Food and Anorexia: Modelling Systems

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