Effects of thyroid diseases on pregnancy outcomes

Abstract

The current study aimed to analyze the effects of thyroid diseases on pregnancy outcomes and investigate the effects of levothyroxine (L-T4) tablets in the treatment of hypothyroidism. The current study determined the prevalence of thyroid diseases using two diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of thyroid diseases among pregnant women recruited in 2010 and 2014 were initially determined by the 2011 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum (2011 ATA Guidelines). Subjects were categorized into six groups: Normal, hypothyroxinemia, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. L-T4 was administered in the thyroid-insufficient groups and the prevalence rates of these categories were obtained using the diagnostic criteria from the 2011 ATA Guidelines and the 2012 Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum (2012 Chinese Guidelines). The results of the current study demonstrated that the screening of thyroid function was significantly increased in 2014 (thyroid dysfunction rate, 82.4% vs. 29.1%; P<0.001). Hypothyroxinemia, hypothyroidism, SCH, hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism increased the likelihood of certain adverse outcomes and complications. L-T4 decreased the odds of gestational hypertension, premature birth and low birth weight or very low birth weight in the hypothyroidism group. A statistically significant difference was identified between thyroid disease incidences as determined by the 2011 ATA Guidelines 2012 Chinese Guidelines. In conclusion, abnormal thyroid levels increased the odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes, L-T4 administration improved pregnancy outcomes and the 2012 Chinese Guidelines may provide a better reference for Chinese pregnant women with subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Prevalence of Thyroid Autoimmunity in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

“…Observing also that higher TAI titers increased as age in the RPL group in the range of 31 to 35 years, after which a decrease in frequency was observed. Two other meta-analyses also reported [9,10] that the mean age with positive TAI in women with RPL was slightly higher than women with negative TAI. In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean age in women with positive and negative TAI.…”

“…Some of these studies have shown that serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels among women with a history of recurrent miscarriage and TAI are within normal parameters, but higher than those without TAI [9]. Additionally, two systematic reviews reported that in women who had a miscarriage, the average age of women with TAI was slightly higher than without TAI [9,10].…”

Clinical and subclinical maternal hypothyroidism and their effects on neurodevelopment, behavior and cognition

“…It is reported in the literature that thyroid disorders during pregnancy are associated with severe maternal, fetal and neonatal complications such as miscarriage (20), preterm delivery (21) and preeclampsia (22).…”

Subclinical hypothyroidism in women at the stage of natural pregnancy planning and with the use of assisted reproductive technologies in the iodine deficiency region

“…Е-mail: dr.yevstratieva@gmail.com нями ЩЗ можуть діагностувати порушення менструальної функції у формі олігоопсоменореї чи гіперполіменореї, рідше -аменореї. Рання діагностика та лікування ПМЦ забезпечує максимальну компенсацію нейроендокринних порушень, знижує частоту ускладнень, підвищує ефективність профілактики порушень репродуктивної функції у дітородному віці та, як наслідок, сприяє зменшенню репродуктивних втрат [4]. Отже, проблема безпліддя на тлі дисфункції ЩЗ потребує подальшого вивчення для розробки чіткіших практичних рекомендацій щодо діагностики та лікування цього захворювання.…”

“…Порушення репродуктивної системи відрізняються залежно від форми патології ЩЗ [4]. При порушеннях менструальної функції на тлі йододефіцитних станів відзначено зниження функції ЩЗ, що супроводжується дисфункцією гіпоталамо-гіпофізарно-яєчникової системи у цілому [3].…”