Effects of thermal manipulation of eggs on the response of jejunal mucosae to posthatch chronic heat stress in broiler chickens

Al‐Zghoul, Mohammad Borhan; Saleh, Khaled Musa Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.038

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The downregulated expression of immune response genes in TM chicks may indicate that the barrier damage in the ileum under thermal stress was attenuated in comparison with the control. Similarly, it was reported previously that HS led to the divergent expression of TLR2, TLR4, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum of TM chicks and chicks incubated under standard conditions [40].…”

Section: Impact Of Tml and Tmh Temperatures On The Expression Of Inflammatory Genes In Broilers Subjected To Thermal Stresssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…TM enhances thermotolerance by epigenetic thermal adaptation, as the determination of the physiological control center’s set point is highly affected by incubation temperature [ 38 , 39 ]. Previously, TM was reported to improve the small intestinal response to post-hatch thermal exposure by altering the expression of nutrient transporter genes as well as those genes involved in heat-shock, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response [ 40 , 41 ]. In addition, continuous TM from embryonic day 11 until hatching day alleviated the effect of post-hatch Salmonella Enteritidis infection on the small intestine by resulting in an increased villus height (VH), improved overall intestinal morphology, and enhanced HSP70 expression in the ileum [ 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and morphometric changes in the small intestine during hot and cold exposure in thermally manipulated broiler chickens

2021

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Background and Aim: Thermal stress (hot or cold) is one of many environmental stressors that severely affects the health of broiler chickens. One negative effect of thermal stress is the disruption of the intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal manipulation (TM) on the small intestine in terms of histomorphometry as well as junctional, heat-shock, and immune response gene expression during post-hatch exposure to thermal stress. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted by dividing 928 fertile Ross eggs into three incubation groups: The control (C) group (incubated at 37.8°C and 56% relative humidity [RH] for the whole incubation period), the TM using low temperature TML group (incubated at 36°C and 56% RH for 18 h/day from embryonic days 7 to 16), and the TM using high temperature (TMH) group (incubated at 39°C and 65% RH for 18 h/day from embryonic days 7 to 16). On post-hatch day 21, 90 chicks were randomly selected from each incubation group and were equally subdivided into three subgroups for the post-hatch thermal stress experiment: The TN subgroup (room temperature maintained at 24°C), the heat stress (HS) subgroup (room temperature maintained at 35°C), and the cold stress (CS) subgroup (room temperature maintained at 16°C). After 1 day of thermal stress exposure (age 22 days), five birds from each subgroup were euthanized and ileum samples were collected to evaluate the transcription of the Claudin (CLDN1), CLDN-5, Occludin, Cadherin-1, heat shock factors (HSF1), HSF3, 70 kilodalton heat shock protein, 90 kilodalton heat shock protein, Interleukin 6 (IL6), IL8, toll-like receptors-2 (TLR2), and TLR4 genes by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Finally, after 4 and 7 days of thermal stress (age 25 and 28 days, respectively), nine chicks were euthanized, and their jejunum and ileum were collected for histomorphometric analysis. Results: After exposure to 1 day of thermal stress, the C subgroups exposed to thermal stress (HS and CS) possessed significantly increased expression of junctional, heat-shock, and immune response genes compared to the C-TN subgroup, and similar results were observed for the TMH. In contrast, thermally stressed TMH subgroups had significantly lower expression of the studied genes compared to C subgroups exposed to thermal stress. Furthermore, no significant changes were detected between the TML subgroups exposed to thermal stress and TML-TN. Moreover, significant alterations in villus height (VH), villus surface area, crypt depth (CD), and VH to CD ratio were observed between the TML, TMH, and C subgroups exposed to CS. Conclusion: It might be suggested that TM may have a protective impact on the small intestine histomorphometry and epithelial integrity of broilers during post-hatch exposure to thermal stress.

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Section: Impact Of Tml and Tmh Temperatures On The Expression Of Inflammatory Genes In Broilers Subjected To Thermal Stresssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and morphometric changes in the small intestine during hot and cold exposure in thermally manipulated broiler chickens

2021

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“…Since most studies have focused on heat stress, there is a dearth of information regarding the effect of TM during post-hatch cold stress. In addition, two of our previous studies have investigated the effects of the same TM conditions (39 • C and 65% RH for 18 h daily from ED 10 to 18) and subsequent thermal stress on the expression of anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory genes in the jejunal mucosa, liver and spleen, and the present study will add to those findings [29,30]. Consequently, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of TM on post-hatch cold stress on hepatic and splenic Hsp70 and HSF3 expression in commercial broilers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

HSF3 and Hsp70 Expression during Post-Hatch Cold Stress in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Embryonic Thermal Manipulation

Tarkhan

Saleh

Al‐Zghoul

2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Decades of selective breeding for commercial purposes have rendered the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) highly susceptible to heat and cold stress. A multitude of studies have documented the effects of thermal manipulation (TM) on broiler thermotolerance during periods of post-hatch heat stress, but very few have focused on the effect of TM on a broiler’s ability to withstand cold stress. Therefore, the primary objective of the current study is to determine the effects of TM on the acquisition of thermotolerance in broilers via their expression of the stress-associated 70 kilodalton heat shock protein (Hsp70) gene and heat shock factor 3 (HSF3) gene. Briefly, Hubbard broiler embryos were subject to TM by increasing the incubation temperature to 39 °C and 65% relative humidity (RH) for 18 h daily, from embryonic days (ED) 10 to 18. Broilers were then exposed to cold stress by decreasing the room temperature to 16 °C during post-hatch days 32 to 37. After thermal challenge, broilers were euthanized and hepatic and splenic tissues were collected. Our results showed that TM decreased the hatchability rate and body temperature but improved the body weight gain. TM generally decreased the hepatic expression but did not change the splenic expression of HSF3 during cold stress. In contrast, both hepatic and splenic Hsp70 expression decreased during cold stress. The results of the present study may suggest that TM significantly affects a broiler’s genetic response to cold stress.

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“… Al-Zghoul and Saleh (2020) performed a trial with broiler chickens (E8-16) subjected to TM that were challenged with a chronic heat stress later in life. The authors studied mRNA levels of selected proinflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptors, heat shock proteins, and antioxidant enzymes in the jejunal mucosae.…”

Section: Epigenetic Modifications During Embryonic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chicken embryo as a model in epigenetic research

et al. 2021

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Epigenetics is defined as the study of changes in gene function that are mitotically or meiotically heritable and do not lead to a change in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications are important mechanisms that fine tune the expression of genes in response to extracellular signals and environmental changes. In vertebrates, crucial epigenetic reprogramming events occur during early embryogenesis and germ cell development. Chicken embryo, which develops external to the mother's body, can be easily manipulated in vivo and in vitro, and hence, it is an excellent model for performing epigenetic studies. Environmental factors such as temperature can affect the development of an embryo into the phenotype of an adult. A better understanding of the environmental impact on embryo development can be achieved by analyzing the direct effects of epigenetic modifications as well as their molecular background and their intergenerational and transgenerational inheritance. In this overview, the current possibility of epigenetic changes during chicken embryonic development and their effects on long-term postembryonic development are discussed.

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Effects of thermal manipulation of eggs on the response of jejunal mucosae to posthatch chronic heat stress in broiler chickens

Cited by 18 publications

References 67 publications

Molecular and morphometric changes in the small intestine during hot and cold exposure in thermally manipulated broiler chickens

Molecular and morphometric changes in the small intestine during hot and cold exposure in thermally manipulated broiler chickens

HSF3 and Hsp70 Expression during Post-Hatch Cold Stress in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Embryonic Thermal Manipulation

Chicken embryo as a model in epigenetic research

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