Effects of the structure and morphology of zinc glutarate on the fixation of carbon dioxide into polymer

Abstract

Zinc glutarates were synthesized from zinc oxides with varying purities via different stirring routes. The particle size and structure of these zinc glutarates were determined by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and the laser particle size analyzer technique. The results demonstrated that the crystallinity and crystalline perfectness of zinc glutarate are the crucial factors that affect the catalytic activity for the copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and propylene oxide (PO). Additionally, the catalyst with a small particle size dramatically increased the yield of the copolymerization between CO2 and PO. High‐molecular‐weight and regular molecular structure poly(propylene carbonate)s (PPC)s were obtained from CO2 and PO with the synthesized zinc glutarates. Very high catalytic activity of 160.4 g polymer/g catalyst was afforded. The NMR technique revealed that the PPC copolymer exhibits an exact alternating copolymer structure. The relationships between the crystallinity and the particle size of catalyst with the catalytic activity are correlated and discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3579–3591, 2002

Modification of poly(lactic acid)/poly(propylene carbonate) blends through melt compounding with maleic anhydride

“…It has interesting physical and chemical properties, being an attractive green environmental material for many applications [19][20][21][22]. It can be used in adhesives, solid electrolytes, polyols, photoresists, propellants, barrier materials, flexibilizers and plasticizers.…”

Quasi‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(propylene carbonate)

“…The by-product poly(propylene oxide) has been observed at 1.16 ppm (d, 3H; -CH 3 ), 3.58 ppm (2H; -CH 2 CH-) and 3.45 ppm (1H; -CH 2 CH-) in the 1 H NMR spectrum. [29][30][31] The absence of these peaks PPC is synthesized from CO 2 and propylene oxide, and the nanocomposite GPEs are prepared with PPC, aluminum oxide nanoparticles and organic solvents containing a redox couple. The photovoltaic performance of quasisolid-state DSSCs with these nanocomposite GPEs is investigated and compared with that of liquid electrolytebased DSSC.…”

Dinuclear Metal Complex-Mediated Formation of CO2-Based Polycarbonates

“…This species was easily prepared by reaction between zinc oxide and glutaric acid, although several other synthetic methods are also possible [30,32,115,116]. It can also be formed as either a crystalline or amorphous material, with the crystalline structures showing higher activity (~300 g PPC/g Zn) and producing polymers with high molecular weight [117].…”

“…Both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts are known, with the latter generally showing significantly faster rates and much finer control compared to the solid-state materials. This review only briefly describes heterogeneous or surface catalysis; for more insights into this topic, the reader is referred to previous reports and reviews [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. It is also important to draw the reader's attention to various comprehensive reviews in the area of homogeneous catalysis [6,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”