Effects of the resistant starch on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in overweight or obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background The role of resistant starch (RS) in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance or sensitivity, and lipid parameters have been reported in several studies and remained controversial. A pooled analysis which assessed these parameters has not been performed. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to sum up existing evidence about the issue. Methods We searched in MEDLINE and PUBMED for studies that were published before November 2018. Meta-analysis of diabetics and nondiabetics trials were performed by use of a random-effects model. Results A total of 13 case–control studies that included 428 subjects with body mass index ≥25 were identified. RS supplementation reduced fasting insulin in overall and stratified (diabetics and nondiabetics trials) analysis (SMD = –0.72; 95% CI: –1.13 to –0.31; SMD = –1.26; 95% CI: –1.66 to –0.86 and SMD = –0.64; 95% CI: –1.10 to –0.18, respectively), and reduced fasting glucose in overall and stratified analysis for diabetic trials (SMD = –0.26; 95% CI: –0.5 to –0.02 and SMD = –0.28; 95% CI: –0.54 to –0.01, respectively). RS supplementation increased HOMA-S% (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.59–1.78) and reduced HOMA-B (SMD =–1.2; 95% CI: –1.64 to –0.77), LDL-c concentration (SMD =–0.35; 95% CI: –0.61 to −0.09), and HbA1c (SMD = –0.43; 95% CI: –0.74 to –0.13) in overall analysis. Conclusions This meta-analysis has provided evidence that RS supplementation can improve fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, especially for diabetic with overweight or obesity. However, owing to potential sophistication, individual difference and composition of intestinal microbiota, this result should be carefully taken into account.

Effect of the Intake of a Snack Containing Dietary Fiber on Postprandial Glucose Levels

“…Some studies have evaluated the effect of cellulose, an insoluble dietary fiber, on blood glucose levels in humans [ 36 ], reporting a decrease in postprandial glucose levels by its intake [ 37 , 38 ]. In other previous studies, the effect of consumption of resistant starch in blood glucose and insulin sensitivity has been reported, which indicated that resistant starch intake improves fasting blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity [ 39 , 40 ]. Insoluble dietary fiber is involved in postprandial blood glucose changes by the acceleration of the secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) [ 36 ].…”

Nutritional Bar with Potato-Based Resistant Starch Attenuated Post-Prandial Glucose and Insulin Response in Healthy Adults

“…The digestion rate of resistant starch has physiological implications such as in reducing post-prandial glycemic response in healthy [ 7 ], overweight or obese adults [ 8 ] and in populations at risk for type-2 diabetics [ 9 ]. Thus, replacement of digestible starch with resistant starch have beneficial glycemic effects in healthy and pre-diabetics [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Effects of Resistant Starch Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Profile, Lipid Peroxidation Marker, and Oxidative Stress in Overweight and Obese Adults: Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial

“…Compliance with the supplements was monitored every week by a telephone call. None of the subjects completing the study had any serious adverse events such as gastrointestinal, central nervous system, skin symptoms, and hypoglycemia [1718].…”