Effects of Resistant Starch Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism, Lipid Profile, Lipid Peroxidation Marker, and Oxidative Stress in Overweight and Obese Adults: Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial

Abstract

Obesity is a substantial public health challenge across the globe. The use of resistant starch has been proposed as a probable management strategy for complications of obesity. We investigated the effects of resistant starch intake on lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation marker, blood pressure, and anthropometric variables in subjects with overweight or obesity. In this 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, 2 × 2 crossover trial, 21 Participants (mean age, 35 ± 7.0 years; body mass index, 32.4 ± 3.5 kg/m 2 ) were given 13.5 g Hi-Maize 260 or placebo daily for 4 weeks, separated by a 4-week washout period. Changes in total antioxidant status (p = 0.04) and serum concentrations of insulin in 52.4% participants with insulin levels above 16 µIU/mL at the baseline (p = 0.04) were significantly different in the three phases. In addition, the mean of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol after the intervention was significantly higher than after baseline value (p = 0.04). We found no significant differences in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde, blood pressure, and anthropometric variables in the three phases of baseline, after intervention with resistant starch and after placebo. Resistant starch consumption improved serum insulin concentrations, lipid profiles, and antioxidant status in subjects with overweight or obesity.

Amelioratory Effect of Resistant Starch on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via the Gut-Liver Axis

“…It has been found that RS intake reduces fat accumulation to improve insulin sensitivity, thereby maintaining blood glucose levels and lipid metabolic homeostasis ( 27 , 33 ). A human study confirmed that RSs significantly improved insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in obese patients ( 34 ). Furthermore, supplementation of green bananas rich in RSs in NAFLD model mice was shown to improve SCFAs production and reduce hepatic steatosis by regulating the transporters involved in lipid excretion and adipogenesis ( 35 ).…”

Consumption of Cooked Black Beans Stimulates a Cluster of Some Clostridia Class Bacteria Decreasing Inflammatory Response and Improving Insulin Sensitivity

“…Resistant starch has been considered as a prebiotic and as a dietary strategy for the complications of obesity by reducing hyperinsulinemia and increasing the concentration of HDL-C [33], and by reducing fat accumulation. In fact, the group fed BB showed 26.6% less body fat than the group fed C, whereas the group fed BB + HF + S showed 57.7% less body fat than the group fed with C + HF + S. Interestingly, the groups fed with BB showed lower concentrations of serum leptin, insulin, glucose concentration and AUC after a glucose tolerance test than the group fed C, avoiding the postprandial glucose peaks.…”

Acute postprandial gut hormone, leptin, glucose and insulin responses to resistant starch in obese children: a single blind crossover study

“…Twenty consecutive obese children were recruited after obtaining written informed consent from their parents/guardians ( table 1 ). The sample size was based on a previous study on adults 9 and was done for pragmatic reasons in the absence of previous data from children.…”

“…A recent meta-analysis of studies of RS on glucose metabolism, insulin, peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and leptin in adults showed mixed results (partly on account of the mixed populations studied, the variable duration of studies, etc); they produced beneficial effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis and variable results on appetite-related hormones 8. The short-term response of gut hormones and satiety to RS containing meals has also been examined in adults and showed several beneficial changes 5 7 9 10. However, the short-term postprandial effects of RS on gut hormones and satiety have not been studied in children.…”