Effects of the Ratio of Insoluble Fiber to Soluble Fiber in Gestation Diets on Sow Performance and Offspring Intestinal Development

Li, Yang; Zhang, Lijia; Liu, Haoyu; Yang, Yi; He, Jiaqi; Cao, Meng; Yang, Min; Zhong, Wei; Lin, Yan; Fang, Zhengfeng; Che, Lianqiang; Feng, Bin; Li, Jian; Zhao, Xilun; Jiang, Xuemei; Wu, De

doi:10.3390/ani9070422

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The villus height to crypt depth ratio is a useful criterion for estimating the likely digestive or absorptive capacity of the small intestine [25]. Li et al reported an increased crypt depth of the jejunum in weaned piglets with an increased maternal insoluble fiber/soluble fiber ratio [26]. Similarly, in the present study, the villi/crypt ratio of duodenum and jejunum were significantly higher in piglets around four weeks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Effects of Wheat Bran Applied to Maternal Diet on the Intestinal Architecture and Immune Gene Expression in Suckling Piglets

Leblois

Zhang

Wavreille

et al. 2020

Animals

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The strategy of improving the growth and health of piglets through maternal fiber diet intervention has attracted increasing attention. Therefore, 15 sows were conducted to a wheat bran (WB) group, in which the sows’ diets included 25% of WB in gestation and 14% in lactation, and a control (CON) group, in which the sows’ diets at all stages of reproduction did not contain WB. The results show that maternal high WB intervention seems not to have an impact on the growth of the offspring or the villus height of the duodenum, and the ratio of villi/crypts in the duodenum and jejunum were all higher in piglets born from WB sows, which may indicate that WB piglets had a larger absorption area and capacity for nutrients. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and interleukin 6 (IL6) expression levels were notably upregulated in the ileal mucosa of WB piglets, while no immune-related genes in the colonic mucosa were affected by the maternal WB supplementation. In conclusion, adding a high proportion of wheat bran to the sow’s gestation and lactation diet can affect the intestinal architecture and the expression of some inflammation genes, to some extent, in the ileal mucosa in the progeny.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Effects of Wheat Bran Applied to Maternal Diet on the Intestinal Architecture and Immune Gene Expression in Suckling Piglets

Leblois

Zhang

Wavreille

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Some studies have shown that dietary fiber supplementation not only promotes satiety in sows but also improves sow feed intake during lactation ( 28 , 30 , 31 ); however, the effects of dietary fiber supplementation from different sources are inconsistent and may be closely related to the physicochemical properties and fermentability of dietary fiber ( 20 , 27 , 28 , 32 , 33 ). Here, we found that the addition of different fiber sources to the diet of sows in mid and late gestation affected the performance of both sows and piglets, with AM in particular significantly reducing the IUGR rate, increasing feed intake during lactation, and improving sow and piglet performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Dietary Fiber from Different Sources during Pregnancy Alters Sow Gut Microbiota and Improves Performance and Reduces Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

et al. 2021

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In pregnant and lactating sows, metabolism and immunity undergo drastic changes, which can lead to constipation, abortion, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and reduce production performance. Dietary fiber can regulate animal gut microbiota, alleviate inflammatory responses, and improve performance. Here, 48 sows (Large × Landrace) were randomly allocated to groups including, control, and with alfalfa meal (AM), beet pulp, and soybean skin dietary supplementation for 60 days of gestation. The AM diet decreased IUGR, increased food intake during lactation, and promoted the reproductive performance and physical condition of sows. Further, the AM diet significantly reduced markers of intestinal permeability (reactive oxygen species and endotoxin) in sow serum, and of systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in sow feces and serum, as well as piglet serum, while it increased the anti-inflammatory marker, IL-10, in sow serum and feces. The AM diet also significantly affected gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of proinflammatory bacteria, while decreasing anti-inflammatory bacteria. Moreover, the total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content was higher in feces from sows fed an AM diet, with butyric acid content significantly higher during lactation, than in controls. Sow performance was correlated with intestinal permeability, inflammation, and gut microbiota, which were also vertically transmitted to piglets. Our results are significant for guiding feed management in the pig breeding industry. Further, the “sows to piglets” model provides a reference for the effect of dietary fiber on the gastrointestinal function of human mothers and infants. IMPORTANCE Although the direct effects of dietary fiber on gut microbiota composition have been studied extensively, systematic evaluation of different fiber sources on gut health and inflammatory responses of sows and their offspring has rarely been conducted. Excessive reactive oxygen species produced by overactive metabolic processes during late pregnancy and lactation of sows leads to increased endotoxin levels, disordered gut microbiota, decreased SCFA production, and secretion of proinflammatory factors, which in turn causes local inflammation of the gut, potential damage of the gut microbial barrier, increased gut permeability, increased blood endotoxin levels (resulting in systemic inflammation), and ultimately decreased sow and piglet performance. Our results showed that supplementation of the diet with alfalfa meal in mid and late pregnancy can reverse this process. Our findings lay a foundation for improving the gut health of sows and piglets and provide insights into the study of the gastrointestinal tract function in human mothers and infants.

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“…Continued oxidative stress leads to chronic inflammation [48] and detrimentally affects growth performance [49]. Our previous study showed increased average daily gain of piglets during lactation when the ISF/SF ratios in the pregnancy diet were 3.89 and 5.59 [50]. Therefore, the dietary fiber composition in the maternal pregnancy diet has an important effect on the health of mothers and offspring, and there is a threshold ratio of insoluble to soluble fiber to ensure that the dietary fiber is effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Dietary Fiber Composition during Gestation Induces Changes in Offspring Antioxidative Capacity, Inflammatory Response, and Gut Microbiota in a Sow Model

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJMS

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To study the effects of maternal dietary fiber composition during gestation on offspring antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition, we randomly assigned 64 gilts to four treatments and administered diets with an insoluble/soluble fiber ratio of 3.89 (R1), 5.59 (R2), 9.12 (R3), and 12.81 (R4). Sow samples (blood and feces at gestation 110) and neonatal samples (blood, liver, and colonic contents) were collected. The results showed that sows and piglets in R1 and R2 had higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower pro-inflammatory factor levels than those in R3 and R4. Moreover, piglets in R1 and R2 had higher liver mRNA expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and lower NF-κB than piglets in R4. Interestingly, maternal fiber composition not only affected the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in sow feces but also influenced the concentrations of SCFAs in the neonatal colon. Results of high-throughput sequencing showed that piglets as well as sows in R1 and R2 had microbial community structures distinct from those in R3 and R4. Therefore, the composition of dietary fiber in pregnancy diet had an important role in improving antioxidant capacity and decreasing inflammatory response of mothers and their offspring through modulating the composition of gut microbiota.

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Effects of the Ratio of Insoluble Fiber to Soluble Fiber in Gestation Diets on Sow Performance and Offspring Intestinal Development

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of Wheat Bran Applied to Maternal Diet on the Intestinal Architecture and Immune Gene Expression in Suckling Piglets

Effects of Wheat Bran Applied to Maternal Diet on the Intestinal Architecture and Immune Gene Expression in Suckling Piglets

Consumption of Dietary Fiber from Different Sources during Pregnancy Alters Sow Gut Microbiota and Improves Performance and Reduces Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

Maternal Dietary Fiber Composition during Gestation Induces Changes in Offspring Antioxidative Capacity, Inflammatory Response, and Gut Microbiota in a Sow Model

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