Effects of the proximal home environment on language and behavioral outcomes in children prenatally exposed to cocaine

Routines and child development: A systematic review

“…Another one reported a positive link with girls' math skills but not with overall teacher‐reported outcomes for preschoolers (Churchill & Stoneman, 2004), and a weakened association in families experiencing destabilizing events (Roche & Ghazarian, 2012). Additionally, no predictive relationship was found between family routines and language skills in children exposed to cocaine prenatally (Bono et al, 2008).…”

“…Some studies found no impact of routines on children's behavioral issues (Seaton & Taylor, 2003; Stoppelbein et al, 2016), externalizing (Bono et al, 2008; Martin et al, 2012), or internalizing behaviors (Bachman et al, 2012; Hofferth & Sandberg, 2001; Koblinsky et al, 2006; Martin et al, 2012; Seaton & Taylor, 2003; Stoppelbein et al, 2019). Research on children with psychopathology is mixed: McRae et al (2018) linked routines to increased internalizing behavior in children with ASD, while subsequent studies found routines reduced such behaviors in children with ASD and ADHD (McRae et al, 2019, 2020).…”

“…Our review indicates that the effectiveness of routines can be compromised in high‐risk environments such as drug abuse, poverty, or violence (Bono et al, 2008; David et al, 2015; Roche & Ghazarian, 2012). Even in middle‐income families, a single stressor can negate the benefits of routines.…”