Effects of the phlebotropic drug Daflon 500 mg on postischemic microvascular disturbances in striated skin muscle: An intravital microscopic study in the hamster

Experimental models to study microcirculatory dysfunction in muscle ischemia?reperfusion and osteomyocutaneous flap transfer

“…With the use of this model, a considerable number of studies have elucidated the role of oxygen radicals [7,8,78,79], inflammatory mediators [80] and adhesion molecules [81] in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion-associated microcirculatory dysfunction, and have determined the potential therapeutic efficacy of hemodilution approaches [82,83,84] and vasoactive drugs [85,86,87]. In addition, the chamber model has been used to study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen in ameliorating ischemia-reperfusion-induced microcirculatory dysfunction [88], and to analyze the mechanisms of protection of local cooling in normal and inflamed tissue [31, 89,90].…”

The Effect of Purified Micronized Flavonoid Fraction on the Healing of Anastomoses in the Colon in Rats

“…15 Flavonoids have been found to reduce the activity of key enzymes of the arachidonic acid metabolism: they are potent inhibitors of phospholipase A 2 , the enzyme that releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids; cyclooxygenase, the enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins and the target of aspirinlike nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; and lipoxygenase, the enzyme catalyzing the formation of leukotrienes. 10,11,14,15 Flavonoids have been classified into two distinct series: cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including flavonone, flavone, and hesperidin, and mixed inhibitors of both cyclooxygenase and 12-lypoxygenase, such as fisetin and quercetin. Furthermore, since the discovery of oxygenated free radicals and their role in inflammation and in cell damage, flavonoids have been studied for their antioxidant and radical scavenger properties.…”

“…Flavonoids also have a beneficial action on collagen sythesis. 10 With the aforementioned effects of flavonoids, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of clinically used, micronized, purified, flavonoid fractions (Daflon, 500 mg; Servier, Turkey) on the healing of anastomoses in the colon of rats.…”

Viewing the Microcirculation through the Window: Some Twenty Years Experience with the Hamster Dorsal Skinfold Chamber

“…In order to further elucidate the mechanism of action of antithrombin, a specifically modified antithrombin (tryptophan 49 -blocked antithrombin), which retains its progressive anticoagulatory effects, but is unable to interact with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) at the endothelial surface, was analyzed. This study demonstrated that tryptophan 49 -blocked antithrombin is not effective to reduce endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence and capillary perfusion failure [30], indicating that specific antithrombin interactions with cell surface GAGs on the endothelium rather than anti-coagulant properties are the mechanism of antithrombin-associated protection of the microcirculation in endotoxemia.…”

“…Further studies indicated that these microcirculatory deteriorations are mediated by the release of oxygen free radicals [16,33] and leukotriene B 4 [34], because inhibition of these mediators was effective to attenuate postischemic microcirculatory dysfunction. In the following, a variety of different therapeutic strategies could be proposed, which were able to reduce manifestation of reperfusionassociated microcirculatory dysfunction, including vitamin E [35], dietary fish oil [36], adenosine [37,38], heparin [39], dextran [40][41][42][43], hyperosmolar saline dextran [44], diaspirin-cross-linked hemoglobin [45], hyperbaric oxygen [46], and distinct vasoactive drugs [47][48][49]. Photomacroscopic representation of the microvasculature within the hamster dorsal skinfold chamber during tourniquet ischemia.…”