Effects of the Mediterranean Diet or Nut Consumption on Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolites and their Relationship with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Galié, Serena; García‐Gavilán, Jesús; Camacho-Barcia, Lucía; Atzeni, Alessandro; Muralidharan, Jananee; Papandreou, Christopher; Arcelin, Pierre; Palau-Galindo, Antoni; García, David; Basora, Josep; Arias-Vásquez, Alejandro; Bulló, Mònica

doi:10.1002/mnfr.202000982

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our findings are also in line with the recent work by Medawar and colleagues on associations between eating behavior and dietary fiber intake, which suggested that beneficial bacteria belonging to the Ruminococcus genus (poorly represented in cluster C2) correlated with healthier eating behavior [68]. As recently discussed, the tendency of some GM profiles to represent more the altered metabolic phenotype of obesity (such as cluster C2 in our study) could however be related not so much to the consumption of unhealthy foods as to the absence of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, which are commonly related to beneficial effects on insulin and glucose homeostasis [69,70].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Multi-omics gut microbiome signatures in obese women: role of diet and uncontrolled eating behavior

Barone

Garelli

Rampelli

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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Background Obesity and related co-morbidities represent a major health challenge nowadays, with a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a key modifier of human health that can affect the development and progression of obesity, largely due to its involvement in the regulation of food intake and metabolism. However, there are still few studies that have in-depth explored the functionality of the human gut microbiome in obesity and even fewer that have examined its relationship to eating behaviors. Methods In an attempt to advance our knowledge of the gut-microbiome-brain axis in the obese phenotype, we thoroughly characterized the gut microbiome signatures of obesity in a well-phenotyped Italian female cohort from the NeuroFAST and MyNewGut EU FP7 projects. Fecal samples were collected from 63 overweight/obese and 37 normal-weight women and analyzed via a multi-omics approach combining 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and lipidomics. Associations with anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and nutritional data were then sought, with particular attention to cognitive and behavioral domains of eating. Results We identified four compositional clusters of the gut microbiome in our cohort that, although not distinctly associated with weight status, correlated differently with eating habits and behaviors. These clusters also differed in functional features, i.e., transcriptional activity and fecal metabolites. In particular, obese women with uncontrolled eating behavior were mostly characterized by low-diversity microbial steady states, with few and poorly interconnected species (e.g., Ruminococcus torques and Bifidobacterium spp.), which exhibited low transcriptional activity, especially of genes involved in secondary bile acid biosynthesis and neuroendocrine signaling (i.e., production of neurotransmitters, indoles and ligands for cannabinoid receptors). Consistently, high amounts of primary bile acids as well as sterols were found in their feces. Conclusions By finding peculiar gut microbiome profiles associated with eating patterns, we laid the foundation for elucidating gut-brain axis communication in the obese phenotype. Subject to confirmation of the hypotheses herein generated, our work could help guide the design of microbiome-based precision interventions, aimed at rewiring microbial networks to support a healthy diet-microbiome-gut-brain axis, thus counteracting obesity and related complications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Multi-omics gut microbiome signatures in obese women: role of diet and uncontrolled eating behavior

Barone

Garelli

Rampelli

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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“…Consistent with previous reports, we found that irradiation led to a reduction in vitamins, amino acids, and some minerals in the GF diet (27,28,39). Diets with different nutrient contents lead to differences in the microbiota and metabolic profile of the organism (7,40). In the present study, we observed differences in gut microbiota and serum metabolism in SPF mice due to GF diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Diets with different nutrient contents lead to differences in the microbiota and metabolic profile of the organism ( 7 , 40 ). In the present study, we observed differences in gut microbiota and serum metabolism in SPF mice due to GF diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Microbiota and Serum Metabolic Profile Responded to Two Nutritional Different Diets in Mice

Wei

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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There is an interaction and bidirectional selection between dietary intake and gut microbiota due to the different efficiency of nutrients in the gut. The nutritional composition of germ-free (GF) diets differs significantly from specific pathogen-free (SPF) diets. There is, however, no data revealing how SPF animals from the same microbial background respond to them and if they affect the host. We examined the growth of SPF mice on the GF diet and found that it reduced body weight, intestinal length and intestinal morphology. Interestingly, the GF diet increased the level of pro-inflammatory bacteria in the gut of SPF mice, including Proteobacteria, Burkholderiaceae, Alloprevotella and Parasutterella. Furthermore, GF diets caused significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, IL-6, and D-lactate levels in the serum of SPF mice and significantly altered their serum metabolic profile, especially amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, GF diets are not suitable for the growth and development of SPF mice. These findings, based on the role of gut microbiota in diet selection, provide new insights into the scientific and rational use of experimental animal diets.

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“…We also found that Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group supplementation was correlated with increased plasma HDL-C concentration and decreased plasma TMAO and liver TC concentrations. Galié et al [ 40 ] also found that a Mediterranean diet increases the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group in faeces, reduces insulin resistance and decreases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 Alleviates Hypercholesterolaemia Caused by the Paigen Atherogenic Diet by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

Wang

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Cardiovascular disease has one of the highest global incidences and mortality rates. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease, and hypercholesterolaemia and hyperlipidaemia are the main risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Decreasing serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations is considered to be an effective strategy to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that many diseases are related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. The positive regulation of the gut microbiota by probiotics may prevent or treat certain diseases. In this study, Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 treatment was shown to decrease plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations, decrease liver TC and malondialdehyde concentrations and recover liver superoxide dismutase concentrations in mice fed a Paigen atherogenic diet. In addition, L. reuteri increased the faecal short-chain fatty acid content (acetate, propionate and butyrate), which was accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of faecal Deferribacteres, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Lactobacillus and Dubosiella; a decrease in the relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium and Romboutsia and the activation of butanoate and vitamin B6 metabolism, leading to the alleviation of hypercholesterolaemia.

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Effects of the Mediterranean Diet or Nut Consumption on Gut Microbiota Composition and Fecal Metabolites and their Relationship with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Multi-omics gut microbiome signatures in obese women: role of diet and uncontrolled eating behavior

Multi-omics gut microbiome signatures in obese women: role of diet and uncontrolled eating behavior

Intestinal Microbiota and Serum Metabolic Profile Responded to Two Nutritional Different Diets in Mice

Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 Alleviates Hypercholesterolaemia Caused by the Paigen Atherogenic Diet by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

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