Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 Alleviates Hypercholesterolaemia Caused by the Paigen Atherogenic Diet by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease has one of the highest global incidences and mortality rates. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease, and hypercholesterolaemia and hyperlipidaemia are the main risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Decreasing serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations is considered to be an effective strategy to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that many diseases are related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. The positive regulation of the gut microbiota by probiotics may prevent or treat certain diseases. In this study, Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 treatment was shown to decrease plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations, decrease liver TC and malondialdehyde concentrations and recover liver superoxide dismutase concentrations in mice fed a Paigen atherogenic diet. In addition, L. reuteri increased the faecal short-chain fatty acid content (acetate, propionate and butyrate), which was accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of faecal Deferribacteres, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Lactobacillus and Dubosiella; a decrease in the relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium and Romboutsia and the activation of butanoate and vitamin B6 metabolism, leading to the alleviation of hypercholesterolaemia.

Alterations of gut microbiota in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A distinctive diagnostic feature

“…L. reuteri serves as a probiotic to modulate periodontal parameters and subgingival biofilm dysbiosis by resolving inflammation and by reducing the molecular mediators associated with bone loss ( Salinas-Azuceno et al., 2022 ). Furthermore, L. reuteri treatment was shown to protect liver function and recover liver superoxide dismutase concentrations in mice fed a Paigen atherogenic diet ( Wang et al., 2022 ). Therefore, our study suggested a reduction in beneficial bacterial taxa accompanied by a significant increase in potential pathogens in SBP patients leads to a more obvious dysbiosis of gut microbiota, resulting in disruption of intestinal barrier function and bacterial translocation.…”

Hydroxyurea ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice by potentially modulating Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein through the gut microbiota

“…Wu et al 50 found that Roseburia was the key bacterium for the antiatherosclerotic effect of berberine in ApoE -/- mice. Lachnospira_NK4A136_group was reported to be responsible for the alleviation of hypercholesterolemia 51 . Since these three genera belong to the short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, mechanisms by which these genera affect lipid metabolism have always focused on the improvement of lipid metabolism by short-chain fatty acids but lacked analysis of lipid metabolic pathways.…”

The metabolites of lactic acid bacteria: classification, biosynthesis and modulation of gut microbiota

“…It alleviates the imbalance of the gut microbiota caused by diseases through upregulating the content of beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogenic bacteria. A study showed that Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 can increase the relative abundance of faecal Deferribacteres, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, while Lactobacillus and Dubosiella decrease the relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium and Romboutsia in mice with cardiovascular disease [54]. In high-fat diet mice, the diversity of the gut microbiota and its composition were significantly changed after treatment with probiotics that contained LAB, the number of Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Bifidobacteriales was overrepresented while the phylum Verrucomicrobia was absent and the number of Proteobacteria was significantly lower in the probiotic-treated group compared to placebotreated high-fat diet fed mice [55].…”