Effects of the herbicide linuron on somatic chromosomes ofHelianthus annuusL. (Sunflower)

Abstract

-In this study the effects of the herbicide linuron on somatic chromosomes of Helianthus annuus L were investigated. The roots were treated with 30, 120, 240 and 500 ppm concentration of linuron for 3, 6 and 12 hours. The mitotic and phase indexes were determined and chromosomal abnormalities were investigated in both control and test groups. It was found that linuron had a marked mitodepressive action on mitosis. The types of chromosomal abnormalities observed included: fragments, disturbed metaphase, c-mitosis, lagging chromosome, and chromatid bridge. A pronounced toxic effect is observed in concentrations 120 ppm and above its. It is considered that linuron may have genotoxic effects in higher plants.

Investigation of Antimutagenic Effect of <i>Rosa canina</i> L. Against Linuron Induced DNA Damage on Root Meristematic Cells of <i>Allium cepa</i> L.

“…Linuron, a phenylurea-derived herbicide, is known as a mamalian carcinogenic agent (U.S. EPA 1995, Katsumata et al 2007. In Studies were shown that this herbicide causes several abnormalities in somatic chromosomes, single strain breaks in DNA and mitotic index decreases (Scassellati-Sforzolini et al 1997, Inceer et al 2004. These results of linuron also correlate with our results of linuron.…”

“…The frequency of the mitotic cell division in all groups treated with linuron was significantly reduced compared to the control group (Table 1). Similar results were observed in the meristematic stem of H. annuus cells treated with linuron (Inceer et al 2004).…”

“…To detect the effects of these toxic agents on DNA or chromosomes, the active root tips ie. meristematic cells of plants are generally used as a monitor system (Nilan and Vig 1976, Grant 1978, Inceer et al 2004, Inceer et al 2009. Linuron is a herbicide used both in agricultural fields such as beans, cotton, potatoes, wheat, corn, and carrots and in non-agricultural fields against invasive herbs.…”

“…Linuron is a herbicide used both in agricultural fields such as beans, cotton, potatoes, wheat, corn, and carrots and in non-agricultural fields against invasive herbs. It has been observed that this herbicide causes increases in mitotic indexes and chromosomal abnormalities in meristematic stem cells of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (Inceer et al 2004, Gunes et al 2014. The extracts of some plants such as Psidium guajava, Aronia melanocarpa can be used against mutagenic agents (Gasiorowski et al 1997, Bhattacharya 2011.…”

The investigation of toxic, genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of various nanoparticles in Allium cepa and Caenorhabditis elegans test systems

“…The result is the formation of fragments that are similar to chromosome structures. This type of abnormality has been found in most studies with different chemicals [70,73,77,78,81].…”