Effects of the first heat up procedure on mechanical properties of solid oxide fuel cell sealing materials

Rautanen, Markus; Pulkkinen, Valtteri; Tallgren, Johan; Himanen, Olli; Kiviaho, Jari

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.012

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…SOFCs seals can be divided into two types; compressive seals (mica sheets or metal gaskets) and rigid seals (composites of glass/ceramic or glass). The low cost and air tight seals are usually composite glass ceramic seals such as CaO-SiO 2 and BaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 [12,50,100,101]. Furthermore, these materials show chemical inertness toward components in contact with them as compared to bare borosilicate type glasses.…”

Section: Sealing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Description of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell’s Operation, Materials, Design, Fabrication Technologies and Performance

et al. 2016

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Today's world needs highly efficient systems that can fulfill the growing demand for energy. One of the promising solutions is the fuel cell. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is considered by many developed countries as an alternative solution of energy in near future. A lot of efforts have been made during last decade to make it commercial by reducing its cost and increasing its durability. Different materials, designs and fabrication technologies have been developed and tested to make it more cost effective and stable. This article is focused on the advancements made in the field of high temperature SOFC. High temperature SOFC does not need any precious catalyst for its operation, unlike in other types of fuel cell. Different conventional and innovative materials have been discussed along with properties and effects on the performance of SOFC's components (electrolyte anode, cathode, interconnect and sealing materials). Advancements made in the field of cell and stack design are also explored along with hurdles coming in their fabrication and performance. This article also gives an overview of methods required for the fabrication of different components of SOFC. The flexibility of SOFC in terms fuel has also been discussed. Performance of the SOFC with varying combination of electrolyte, anode, cathode and fuel is also described in this article.

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Section: Sealing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Description of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell’s Operation, Materials, Design, Fabrication Technologies and Performance

et al. 2016

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“…: is the air MFR. Accordingly, the total energy loss of the air passing through the SOFC during the whole heating period (which is equal to the total thermal energy delivered to the SOFC material during heat-up process) can be computed by integrating Equation ( 10) over whole heating period, as shown in Equation (11). In this equation, n denotes the total number of time-steps.…”

Section: Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, SOFCs need to undergo a heating process to be prepared for electricity generation. [10,11] This process is desired to be as short and low energy consuming as possible. [12] However, a too fast heating process can lead to hightemperature gradients within SOFC and consequent deformation and crack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Heat‐Up Planning of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with and without Hot Air Recycling by Considering Energy, Time, and Temperature Gradient

Hami

Mahmoudimehr

2023

Energy Tech

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A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) needs to be heated to a high temperature to be able to start generating electricity. This study aims to manage the heat-up process of a SOFC by considering the three objectives of time duration, energy consumption, and temperature gradient, simultaneously. Mass flow rate (MFR) and rate of temperature rise (RTR) of the hot air, passing through the cathode channel of the SOFC, are considered as decision variables. The transient heatup process is numerically simulated for six different MFR values (5-50 mg s À1 ) and six different RTR values (0.1-5 K s À1 ). The results indicate that higher RTR leads to lower heat-up duration, lower energy consumption, but higher temperature gradient. Also, higher MFR results in lower heat-up duration, lower temperature gradient, but higher energy consumption. The results also reveal that hot air recycling increases thermal efficiency from below 40% to nearly 100%. Finally, when hot air recycling is employed and all the objectives are considered simultaneously, the heat-up plan with a RTR of 0.5 K s À1 and a MFR of 50 mg s À1 is selected as the best choice by using linear programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference.

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“…Over the long history of SOC development the crystallizing glasses have been identified as the most long-term stable and reliable material class for durable joining of stack components at high temperature. Even if compressive sealing utilized in stacks with operating temperatures ≤650°C (22,23) is considered as promising alternative, crystallized glasses provide the best gas tightness and mechanical interface for high (750-850°C) and intermediate (650-750°C) operating temperatures. The successful application of glasses in planar SOC stacks is caused by (i) viscous flow needed for sealing process, (ii) adjusted thermal expansion coefficient after crystallization, (iii) high viscosity after crystallization and (iv) self-healing ability (24).…”

Section: Sealantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in SOC Development at Fraunhofer IKTS

et al. 2021

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After long and successful development history of Solid Oxide Cells (SOC) continuous improvement in performance, longevity, manufacturing, and system integration it is necessary to bring this highly efficient technology to the market. The activities on material development and optimization at IKTS are focused mainly on enhancement of durability for SOFC, SOEC, and rSOC operation and on boosting the power density. During recent years considerable efforts on simplification and automation of cell and stack manufacturing processes have been addressed. The processes for electrode manufacturing have been adjusted for high yield automated printing on thin electrolytes with integrated quality control measures. Efficient ways for reduction of time and energy consumption for sealing process of SOC stacks have been found and demonstrated in pilot production as well as automated assembling of components to stacks was shown. The increasing interest in “green hydrogen” created multiple opportunities for SOEC technology to be considered as inherent part of industrial and chemical processes. IKTS pioneering work on coupled operation of SOEC module with Fischer-Tropsch reactor provided first demonstration of feasibility of this approach for wax production. However, high power electrolysis applications (>10 MW) will need new approaches for stack design and put higher requirements on durability.

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Effects of the first heat up procedure on mechanical properties of solid oxide fuel cell sealing materials

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

A Brief Description of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell’s Operation, Materials, Design, Fabrication Technologies and Performance

A Brief Description of High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell’s Operation, Materials, Design, Fabrication Technologies and Performance

Optimal Heat‐Up Planning of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with and without Hot Air Recycling by Considering Energy, Time, and Temperature Gradient

Progress in SOC Development at Fraunhofer IKTS

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