“…This plasticity often involves directional changes in the number and size of red and white myofibres (Johnston, 2001;Stoiber et al, 2002;Johnston and Hall, 2004), changes in the frequency (Johnston, 2001) and periodicity of each type of myofibre recruitment (Brodeur et al, 2003;Johnston, 2006), and changes in the myogenic progenitor cell populations (Johnston, 2006). At the cellular level, changes in temperature may also bring about variation in myofibril (Johnston, 2001;Johnston, 2006;Martell et al, 2006) and mitochondrial densities (Johnston, 1993;Galloway et al, 1998;Sänger and Stoiber, 2001;Johnston and Hall, 2004). Minor shifts in temperature have been shown to have significant effects on development in rapidly growing embryonic and larval phases (Blaxter, 1992;Kamler, 1992;Johnston, 2001;Johnston, 2006;Johnston and Hall, 2004) such that temperature variation during embryogenesis can differentially affect fast and slow muscle development and growth (Johnston et al, 1998;Stoiber et al, 2002;Johnston and Hall, 2004;Johnston, 2006).…”