Effects of the electric conditions of AC-type microarc oxidation and hydrothermal treatment solution on the characteristics of hydroxyapatite formed on titanium

Fabrication of a hydroxyapatite-containing coating on Ti–Ta alloy by electrical discharge coating and hydrothermal treatment

“…The binding energies of Ca 2p and P 2p confirm that the Ca\ \P compound is HA [18]. The result is consistent with HA produced by anodic oxidation [19] and hydrothermal treatment [20]. Fig.…”

Review of the biocompatibility of micro-arc oxidation coated titanium alloys

“…Park et al [115] studied the effect of the electric conditions of MAO on CP-Ti. The experiment was carried out using AC-type rectangular electric pulses at different voltages and frequencies.…”

“…FE-SEM images of the MAO-treated groups; (a) V175F200-MAO, (b) V175F500-MAO, (c) V175F200-HT, (d) V175F500-HT, (e) V175F200-HTP and (f) V175F500-HTP groups[115].…”

In vitro biological response of plasma electrolytically oxidized and plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

“…Further enhancement of bioactivity can be achieved by incorporation of Ca and P into PEO coatings, which can be implemented through either sequential or hybrid processing routes. In the former, a PEO treatment of Ti is followed by either direct deposition (e.g., electrophoretic16 or cathodic17) of hydroxyapatite (HA) or by chemical and/or thermal post‐treatments18–23 to increase the Ca content and promote HA crystallization of the CaP‐containing amorphous component of the PEO coating. In the latter, crystalline CaPs are codeposited and incorporated into growing PEO coating in situ from electrolytes containing suspended HA nanoparticles24, 25 or soluble calcium and phosphate salts26–29 using direct current (DC),26–28 alternative current, or pulsed bipolar current (PBC)29 PEO modes.…”