Effects of Terpenoids from Salvia Willeana in Delayed-type Hypersensitivity, Human Lymphocyte Proliferation and Cytokine Production

Abstract

The effect of the lipophilic extract of S. willeana and three terpenoids isolated therefrom, camphor, lupeol and oleanolic acid, on oxazolone-induced hypersensitivity was evaluated. The extract reduced the ear edema by 46% at 24 h after challenge. All three terpenoids inhibited the edema and suppressed cytokines release at different rates. Lupeol inhibited the swelling by over 50% and reduced the production of IL-1β by 62%. Camphor caused inhibition of the efferent phase (45% inhibition at 72 h) and the levels of IL-1β, IL-4 and TNF-α (around 80% inhibition). Oleanolic acid diminished moderately the reaction and the levels of IL-4 and TNF-α. We also demonstrated that the three terpenoids inhibited human T-lymphocytes proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and induced their apoptosis. Thus, these terpenoids could be considered anti-inflammatory constituents of S. willeana.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Artemisia vulgaris Leaves, Originating from Three Different Altitudes of Nepal

“…Potent anti-inflammatory compound camphor [ 35 , 36 ] is present abundantly in A. vulgaris also [ 37 ]. The mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of camphor is due to its inhibitory action in the production of interleukin-4, interleukin-2, and TNF- α [ 38 ]. It may potentially suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by chemotactic agents like formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP), which activate multiple signaling cascades of inflammation [ 35 , 39 ].…”

Polar Constituents of Salvia willeana (Holmboe) Hedge, Growing Wild in Cyprus

“…Aerial parts of Salvia willeana (Holmboe) Hedge were collected on Troodos Mountain in Cyprus in April 2004 [ 8 ]. A voucher specimen has been deposited in the Agricultural Research Institute Herbarium of Nicosia [no.…”

“…The air-dried powdered aerial parts of S. willeana (0.43 kg) were successively extracted at room temperature with cyclohexane, dichloromethane, MeOH, and MeOH:H 2 O (5:1) (2 L of each solvent, twice for 48 h) [ 8 ]. A portion of the latter extract (9.0 g) was fractionated on a RP 18 -MPLC (41.0 × 4.0 cm) using a H 2 O: MeOH gradient system (100% H 2 O → 100% MeOH; steps of 10% MeOH; 50 min each; 50% MeOH: 50% EtOAc 50 min; 100% EtOAc 50 min) to yield twenty three fractions (A–V) of 500 mL each.…”

“…This species is endemic to Cyprus, where it grows on moist, rocky mountainsides of the Troodos range at 1150–1950 m altitude and it flowers from May to October [ 7 ]. Its extracts possess different pharmacological properties and the plant has been used to halt milk production in nursing mothers, as well as for its antiseptic activity [ 8 ]. As S. willeana is locally used in aqueous preparations, the purpose of our study was the investigation of secondary metabolites obtained from the polar extract of its aerial parts.…”

“…As S. willeana is locally used in aqueous preparations, the purpose of our study was the investigation of secondary metabolites obtained from the polar extract of its aerial parts. Our previous study of its lipophilic extract, revealed the presence of camphor, lupeol, and oleanolic acid, and demonstrated their anti-inflammatory effect [ 8 ]. It is of interest to note that there is only one more report regarding the chemical constituents of a polar extract of S. willeana , which revealed the presence of the triterpenoids ursolic and oleanolic acids, the diterpenoids carnosic acid and isorosmanol, and the flavonoid salvigenin [ 9 ].…”