Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Artemisia vulgaris Leaves, Originating from Three Different Altitudes of Nepal

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the in vivo chronic anti-inflammatory efficacy, from the ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of Artemisia vulgaris leaves, grown at three different altitudes in Nepal, by formalin-induced paw edema in Swiss albino mice. Edema was induced on the mice paw by administering 0.2% of formalin injection. Indomethacin was used as a standard drug at the concentration of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Ethyl acetate and ethanolic leaves extract, at the concentration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, were used as test drugs. Standard drug and all the extracts were administered 30 min before formalin injection. The paw thickness was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 24, 48, and 72 hours after formalin injection, using a Vernier caliper. It was observed that both ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract from all the altitudes exhibited significant inhibition of paw edema ( p < 0.05 ) induced by formalin. Maximum activity was shown by 400 mg/kg of the plant leaf extract taken from the temperate zone, with 54.05% of paw edema inhibition, and it is almost similar to the inhibition of standard drug (56.75%). Moreover, the ethanolic extract was found to be more effective than ethyl acetate extract in all the plant samples. The results suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of A. vulgaris leaves increases with an increase in altitudes and this plant can be used as a useful source of medicine to treat chronic inflammation.

Bacteria – Plant Interaction: Transgenic Roots for Human Health

“…It is listed in the European Pharmacopoeia and is used in traditional Chinese, Hindu, and European medicine. The plant extracts are known for their antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmolytic, antinociceptive, estrogenic, cytotoxic, antispasmodic and bronchodilator, antibacterial, larvicidal, and antifungal effects (Lee et al, 1998;Gilani et al, 2005;Temraz et al, 2008;Pires et al, 2009;Khan et al, 2009;Erel et al, 2011;Kodippili et al, 2011;Hiremath et al, 2011;Raj Singh et al, 2011;Govindaraj et al, 2013;Afsar et al, 2013;Obistioiu et al, 2014;Saleh et al, 2014;Khan, 2015;El-Tantawy et al, 2015;Oyedemi et al, 2015;Ekiert et al, 2020;Ben Nasr et al, 2020;Pandey et al, 2021). The plants were studied as a potential source of antioxidant phenolic compounds (Melguizo-Melguizo et al, 2020).…”

Effect of Artemisia vulgaris Hydro-Alcoholic Extract on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Damages in a Rat Model of Experimental Colitis

“…Researchers have confirmed that A. vulgaris exhibits antibacterial, antiseptic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective properties, as well as therapeutic effects in metabolic disorders such as diabetes (18,22). In this regard, recent studies have demonstrated that A. vulgaris can attenuate inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (23,24), increase antioxidant activity by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (25), and improve damage levels in an experimental model of colitis.…”

Terpenoids and Bio-Functions of Essential Oils Hydrodistilled Differently from Freshly Immature and Mature Blumea balsamifera Leaves

“…Te plant production of B. balsamifera has progressively increased in South Asia as a healthy dietary component. Diferent stages of leaf maturation may accumulate varying levels of bioactive chemicals that may be suited for specifc human health purposes [14,15]. To date, there is no ofcial report, but a bioRxiv preprint [16] on the characteristics of EOs extracted from fresh leaves of B. balsamifera at various maturity stages and the extraction efciency of certain volatiles.…”