Effects of temperature, water content and nitrogen fertilisation on emissions of nitrous oxide by soils

Smith, K. A.; Thomson, P.E; Clayton, H.; McTaggart, I. P.; Conen, Franz

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00492-5

Cited by 336 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

189

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, a low-concentration 15 N-labeled ammonium-nitrate solution was applied to a temperate beech and spruce forest to simulate N deposition and thus to assess the direct contribution of N deposition to N 2 O emissions in temperate forests, with the results showing that stimulated N loss as N 2 O was mainly driven by denitrification (Eickenscheidt et al 2011). In addition, soil temperature (Schindlbacher et al 2004;Skiba et al 1998;Smith et al 1998) and moisture (Schindlbacher et al 2004) exert strong controls over N 2 O emission from forest soils via modifying rates of enzymatic processes. For example, forest N 2 O emission increases with increasing water-filled pore space (WFPS) (Schindlbacher et al 2004) or soil moisture (Zhang et al 2008).…”

Section: Denitrification and N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen deposition and fertilization on N transformations in forest soils: a review

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Understanding how process-specific nitrogen (N) transformations in natural forest soils are modified by N deposition and fertilization is critically important to gain mechanistic insights on the links between global N deposition and N enrichment and loss in forest soils. Materials and methods Here we identify the general characteristics and the main mechanisms of N deposition-and fertilization-induced modifications in multiple N transformations, including N immobilization, N mineralization, nitrification (autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic nitrification), and denitrification, in forest soils by literature survey. Results and discussion Overall, N status, soil C/N ratios, C availability, and soil pH are key factors separately and/or interactively affecting the effects of N deposition and fertilization on forest soil N transformations. In the N-limited stage, N deposition and fertilization can act as a stimulator of N mineralization by removing microbial N limitation and reducing the C/N ratios of the substrate being decomposed. In the Nunlimited stage, N added to forest ecosystems can retard N mineralization, which may primarily be a result of decreased microbial activity due to soil acidification and low C availability. The changes in N mineralization may drive a corresponding change in N immobilization, autotrophic nitrification, and denitrification. Despite the fact that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) has a higher affinity than ammonia-oxidizers (AOB) for low-concentration ammonia (NH 3 ), low NH 3 availability may still limit the rate of ammonia oxidation (autotrophic nitrification) in acidic forest soils even in the case of high NH 4 + input. Heterotrophic nitrification, however, may be favored if soil C/N ratios and pH decrease with N deposition and fertilization. The responses of denitrification and N 2 O emission to N deposition and fertilization in forests may be nonlinear, with a trend of stimulation in the short term but a decline over time, partly because soil pH has a contrast effect on denitrification capacity and N 2 O emission. Conclusions There are various effects of N deposition and fertilization on forest soil N transformations; thus, their responses to N deposition are still not well characterized and understood. N deposition-and fertilization-induced modifications in soil N transformations have important implications for N enrichment, N loss, and soil acidification in forest ecosystems. In the future, more research is required to investigate on dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) process and link microbial community characteristics and functions of microbial extracellular enzymes with these rate processes in forest soils to narrow the uncertainty in evaluating and predicting ecosystem responses to global N deposition.

show abstract

Section: Denitrification and N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen deposition and fertilization on N transformations in forest soils: a review

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Diurnal cycles of N 2 O emissions were also found in soil monoliths transferred to a greenhouse, with maxima occurring at night (Thomson et al 1997), and were associated with diurnal cycles in soil temperature (Smith et al 1998). Other studies, however, did not document diurnal changes in N 2 O fluxes (e.g., Smith and Dobbie 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Diurnal fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from cattle-impacted soil and implications for emission estimates

Šimek¹,

Brůček²,

Hynšt³

2010

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Short-term diurnal changes in emissions of CO 2 and N 2 O were determined in a cattle overwintering area during three specific periods of the year. Production of both N 2 O and CO 2 , as determined with gas chambers buried in soil and spatially distributed changed rapidly, and the general course of fluxes of the two gases was different. CO 2 emissions were basically controlled by temperature, and most gas chambers showed the same trends in CO 2 flux, indicating low spatial heterogeneity. In contrast, N 2 O emissions were much more spatially heterogeneous and each chamber had its own time course of emission; therefore, the relationship between flux and temperature was more complicated for N 2 O than CO 2 . For estimating gas emissions over long periods, we strongly recommend the use of frequent emission measurements during periods of high gas fluxes.

show abstract

“…Normally, the soil becomes more anaerobic as soil water content increased, leading to high N 2 O emissions from denitrification. Obviously, the higher N 2 O production at 90% WFPS indicated that both soils did not become completely anaerobic at high soil water content because complete denitrification can lead to the conversion of N 2 O to N 2 , decreasing N 2 O production (Smith et al 1998;Zhu et al 2013a). We observed higher N 2 O emissions in soils treated with ammonium than in soils treated with nitrate, especially under high soil water content level (90% WFPS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of soil nitrous oxide production and abundances and composition of associated microbial communities to nitrogen and water amendment

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil moisture and nitrogen (N) are two important factors influencing N 2 O emissions and the growth of microorganisms. Here, we carried out a microcosm experiment to evaluate effects of soil moisture level and N fertilizer type on N 2 O emissions and abundances and composition of associated microbial communities in the two typical arable soils. The abundances and community composition of functional microbes involved in nitrification and denitrification were determined via quantitative PCR (qPCR) and terminal restriction length fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP), respectively. Results showed that N 2 O production was higher at 90% water-filled pore (WFPS) than at 50% WFPS. The N 2 O emissions in the two soils amended with ammonium were higher than those amended with nitrate, especially at relatively high moisture level. In both soils, increased soil moisture stimulated the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite reducer (nirK). Ammonium fertilizer treatment increased the population size of AOB and nirK genes in the alluvial soil, while reduced the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and denitrifiers (nirK and nosZ) in the red soil. Nitrate addition had a negative effect on AOA abundance in the red soil. Total N 2 O emissions were positively correlated to AOB abundance, but not to other functional genes in the two soils. Changed soil moisture significantly affected AOA rather than AOB community composition in both soils. The way and extent of N fertilizers impacted on nitrifier and denitrifier community composition varied with N form and soil type. These results indicate that N 2 O emissions and the succession of nitrifying and denitrifying communities are selectively affected by soil moisture and N fertilizer form in the two contrasting types of soil.

show abstract

Effects of temperature, water content and nitrogen fertilisation on emissions of nitrous oxide by soils

Cited by 336 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of nitrogen deposition and fertilization on N transformations in forest soils: a review

Effects of nitrogen deposition and fertilization on N transformations in forest soils: a review

Diurnal fluxes of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from cattle-impacted soil and implications for emission estimates

Responses of soil nitrous oxide production and abundances and composition of associated microbial communities to nitrogen and water amendment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About