Effects of taste stimulation on β-endorphin levels in rat cerebrospinal fluid and plasma

Yamamoto, Takashi; Sako, Noritaka; Maeda, Shin

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00252-8

Cited by 86 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Moreover, the ingestion of sweeteners increases beta-endorphin levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (Yamamoto, 2003). Of interest is the finding that sucrose does not release endorphins in rats that had acquired a condition taste aversion to sucrose (Yamamoto et al, 2000). That opiate antagonists decrease the hedonic value of sucrose solutions in humans (Bertino et al, 1991;Fantino et al, 1986) further support the hypothesis that the positive hedonic value of the sweet stimulus, and not sweetness itself, contributes to beta-endorphin release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sucrose-induced analgesia is related to sweet preferences in children but not adults

Pepino

Mennella

2005

Pain

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The present study tested the hypothesis that the efficacy of sucrose in reducing pain during the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) was related to its hedonic value. To this aim, we determined the most preferred level of sucrose and the analgesic properties of 24% w/v sucrose during the CPT in 242, 5-to 10-year-old children and their mothers. Outcome measures included pain thresholds (the time at which discomfort was first indicated) and pain tolerance (the length of time the hand was kept in the cold water bath). Although children, as a group, preferred significantly higher sucrose concentrations than adults, there were individual differences that allowed us to group them on the basis of those who preferred sucrose concentrations below that used in the CPT (24% w/v) and those who preferred levels ≥ 24% w/v sucrose. Regardless of such groupings, sucrose was not an effective analgesic in adult women. Unlike adults, the more children liked sucrose, the better its efficacy as an analgesic. That is, children who preferred ≥24%w/v sucrose exhibited an increased latency to report pain and tolerated pain for significantly longer periods of time when sucrose was held in their mouths relative to water. This effect was more pronounced among normal weight when compared to overweight/at risk for overweight children. The role that dietary habits and individual differences contribute to the preferences for sweet taste and its physiological consequences in children is an important area for future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Sucrose-induced analgesia is related to sweet preferences in children but not adults

Pepino

Mennella

2005

Pain

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“…To fi gure out the mechanisms constituting the anticipation acquired by 5-day training with corn oil, further studies are required. The ingestion of sucrose solution was increased the gene expression of POMC and beta-endorphin (23,24). POMC and beta-endorphin may strongly associate with preference or palatability of food including sweetener and fat.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

POMC and orexin mRNA expressions induced by anticipation of a corn-oil emulsion feeding are maintained at the high levels until oil ingestion

et al. 2006

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We investigated the gene expression dynamics of several hypothalamic neuropeptides associated with appetite regulation when rats are anticipating being fed a corn-oil emulsion. For 5 days at the same hour each day, rats were fed 5% corn oil emulsifi ed with 0.3% xanthan gum or the vehicle for 20 min. On Day 6, the 5% corn oil emulsion or the vehicle (Vehicle) was presented to the rats, some of which (Oil-intake) were allowed to eat it and some of which (Oil-anticipation) were kept from eating it. Despite waiting a corn-oil, the mRNA levels of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), a β-endorphin precursor, and orexin showed increases, and high levels of mRNAs of POMC and orexin were maintained for 30 min after the corn-oil was placed before the rats, and only gradually decreased through 150 min. However, the mRNA levels of POMC and orexin in the hypothalamus were decreased within 30 min after starting to ingest the corn-oil emulsion. These results suggest that POMC and orexin mRNA expression was induced by the anticipation in rats after learning the palatability of 5% corn oil emulsion, and the induced mRNA expression based on the anticipation was maintained for at least for 30 min as the rats eagerly waited for ingestion.Obesity resulting from excessive energy ingestion is a serious health issue. Despite warnings about excessive ingestion of high-fat foods, there currently appears to be no decrease in consumption of such foods (3,11,18,22). It is thought that many mammals prefer to consume high-fat foods due to their pleasant taste, flavor, and texture. In short-term 2-bottle choice tests, mice prefer vegetable oils to sucrose, itself a highly palatable substance (20). In addition, conditioned place preference (CPP) tests have demonstrated a reinforcing effect of corn oil on mice (6). In comparison to rats fed on regular chow diets, rats fed on a high-fat diet show a greater food intake and became overweight as a result (1). Understanding why mammals, including humans, prefer high-fat foods will provide important information for regulating oil ingestion and thus maintaining good health.Several neuropeptides produced in the hypothalamus mediate feeding behavior. These include proopiomelanocortin (POMC), produced in arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus, and physiologically co-active peptides like beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) (4, 17). We discovered that betaendorphin, an opioid peptide, is released just after dietary oil ingestion in rats (12). Moreover, the gene expression of POMC (a precursor of beta-endorphin) increased just before dietary oil ingestion (12).

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“…Sweet palatable solutions augment morphine-induced analgesia [64][65][66][67], this has suggested that sweet solutions ingestion is associated with the release of endogenous opioids, a mechanism which involves stimulation of gustatory sweet receptors [68]. This mechanism was supported by the observation that sucrose reduces pain sensation when administered orally not when applied via gastric gavage [12,69]. Furthermore, naltrexone and naloxone, opioid antagonists, were shown to abolish the analgesic efect of sweet-tasting solutions [56,[70][71][72] In addition, consuming palatable sweet substances increases endogenous β-endorphin activity in rat brain and in human plasma [69,[73][74][75].…”

Section: Sweet Solution Analgesia In Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sweet Solution Analgesia

Nuseir¹,

Kassab²,

Al-Azzani³

2017

Pain Relief - From Analgesics to Alternative Therapies

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Effects of taste stimulation on β-endorphin levels in rat cerebrospinal fluid and plasma

Cited by 86 publications

References 37 publications

Sucrose-induced analgesia is related to sweet preferences in children but not adults

Sucrose-induced analgesia is related to sweet preferences in children but not adults

POMC and orexin mRNA expressions induced by anticipation of a corn-oil emulsion feeding are maintained at the high levels until oil ingestion

Sweet Solution Analgesia

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