Effects of Suspended Sediments on Aquatic Ecosystems

Newcombe, C. P.; MacDonald, Donald D.

doi:10.1577/1548-8675(1991)011<0072:eossoa>2.3.co;2

Cited by 499 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…With prolonged exposure time or increased concentrations, suspended sediment with values above 90 mg l −1 can affect fish directly with increasing risk of mortality or damage of gill or skin epithelia ( Fig. 1; reviewed data in Alabaster and Lloyd 1980;Newcombe and MacDonald 1991;Berry et al 2003). Physical damage of gill and skin epithelia include thickening of gill lamellae, clogging of gills, hyperplasis and necrosis-all of which can have detrimental effects on the individual fish (Berry et al 2003;Newcombe and Jensen 1996).…”

Section: Impact Of Suspended Sediment Loads On Behaviour Health and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Area below dotted straight line is measured (cross symbol) and estimated concentrations in Swiss rivers (unpublished data LHG and NADUF). Below straight line, no LC (lethal concentrations) was found (Herbert et al 1961;Alabaster and Lloyd 1980;Newcombe and MacDonald 1991;Newcombe and Jensen 1996;Berry et al 2003) al (Baglinière and Maisse 2002;Zimmer and Power 2006) and the redds are usually placed at the same sites in subsequent years (Schneider 2000). For redd construction female trout excavate a depression by removing fines and gravel creating a typical pit and tail structure.…”

Section: Habitat Requirements Of Gravel-spawning Brown Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Scheurer

Alewell

Bänninger

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Background, aim, and scope Catch decline of freshwater fish has been recorded in several countries. Among the possible causes, habitat change is discussed. This article focuses on potentially increased levels of fine sediments going to rivers and their effects on gravel-spawning brown trout. Indications of increased erosion rates are evident from land-use change in agriculture, changes in forest management practices, and from climate change. The latter induces an increase in air and river water temperatures, reduction in permafrost, changes in snow dynamics and an increase in heavy rain events. As a result, an increase in river sediment is likely. Suspended sediment may affect fish health and behaviour directly. Furthermore, sediment loads may clog gravel beds impeding fish such as brown trout from spawning and reducing recruitment rates. To assess the potential impact on fine sediments, knowledge of brown trout reproductive needs and the effects of sediment on brown trout health were evaluated. Approach We critically reviewed the literature and included results from ongoing studies to answer the following questions, focusing on recent decades and rivers in alpine countries.-Have climate change and land-use change increased erosion and sediment loads in rivers? -Do we have indications of an increase in riverbed clogging?-Are there indications of direct or indirect effects on brown trout from increased suspended sediment concentrations in rivers or from an increase in riverbed clogging?Results Rising air temperatures have led to more intensive precipitation in winter months, earlier snow melt in spring, and rising snow lines and hence to increased erosion. Intensification of land use has supported erosion in lowland and prealpine areas in the second half of the twentieth century. In the Alps, however, reforestation of abandoned land at high altitudes might reduce the erosion risk while intensification on the lower, more easily accessible slopes increases erosion risk. Data from laboratory experiments show that suspended sediments affect the health and behaviour of fish when available in high amounts. Point measurements in large rivers indicate no common lethal threat and suspended sediment is rarely measured continuously in small rivers. However, effects on fish can be expected under environmentally relevant conditions. River bed clogging impairs the reproductive performance of gravel-spawning fish. Discussion Overall, higher erosion and increased levels of fine sediment going into rivers are expected in future. Additionally, sediment loads in rivers are suspected to have considerably impaired gravel bed structure and brown trout spawning is impeded. Timing of discharge is put forward and is now more likely to affect brown trout spawning than in previous decades. Conclusions Reports on riverbed clogging from changes in erosion and fine sediment deposition patterns, caused by climate change and land-use change are rare. This review identifies both a risk of increases in climate erosive forces and fine sedi...

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Section: Impact Of Suspended Sediment Loads On Behaviour Health and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Habitat Requirements Of Gravel-spawning Brown Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Scheurer

Alewell

Bänninger

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…During snowmelt, winter storms, and summer thunderstorms, considerable loads of sediments are washed into streams, altering the substratum and channel morphology with which many amphibians are closely tied (Newcombe and MacDonald, 1991). Short-term sedimentation of small streams following fires can be dramatic, reaching 10 to 100 times natural levels for at least 10 years (Megahan, 1980;Megahan, 1995).…”

Section: Sedimentation and Substrate Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire and amphibians in North America

Pilliod

Bury²,

Hyde³

et al. 2003

Forest Ecology and Management

151

139

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Information on amphibian responses to fire and fuel reduction practices is critically needed due to potential declines of species and the prevalence of new, more intensive fire management practices in North American forests. The goals of this review are to summarize the known and potential effects of fire and fuels management on amphibians and their aquatic habitats, and to identify information gaps to help direct future scientific research. Amphibians as a group are taxonomically and ecologically diverse; in turn, responses to fire and associated habitat alteration are expected to vary widely among species and among geographic regions.Available data suggest that amphibian responses to fire are spatially and temporally variable and incompletely understood. Much of the limited research has addressed short-term (1-3 yr) effects of prescribed fire on terrestrial life stages of amphibians in the southeastern United States.Information on the long-term negative effects of fire on amphibians and the importance of fire for maintaining amphibian communities is sparse for the high number of taxa in North America.Given the size and severity of recent wildland fires and the national effort to reduce fuels on federal lands, future studies are particularly needed to examine the effects of these landscape disturbances on amphibians. We encourage studies to address population-level responses of amphibians to fire by examining how different life stages are affected by changes in aquatic, riparian, and upland habitats. Research designs need to be rigorous and credible, yet provide information that is relevant for fire managers and those responsible for assessing the potential effects of various fuels reduction alternatives on rare, sensitive, and endangered amphibian species.

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“…Propeller contact, noise, movement and turbulence from from the propulsion systems can have multiple effects on the ecosystem including increased turbidity. There are many negative impacts of increased turbidity on the ecosystem which are well documented in the literature [14]. As outlined in [15] analysis of the sensor data demonstrates that ships entering the port often coincide with spikes in data from the turbidity sensor.…”

Section: A Visual Sensingmentioning

confidence: 87%

Multi-modal sensor networks for more effective sensing in Irish coastal and freshwater environments

et al. 2012

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Abstract-The world's oceans represent a vital resource to global economies and there exists huge economic opportunity that remains unexploited. However along with this huge potential there rests a responsibility into understanding the effects various developments may have on our natural ecosystem. This along with a variety of other issues necessitates a need for continuous and reliable monitoring of the marine and freshwater environment. The potential for innovative technology development for marine and freshwater monitoring and knowledge generation is huge and recent years have seen huge leaps forward in relation to the development of sensor technology for such purposes. However despite the advancements there are still a number of issues. In our research we advocate a multi-modal approach to create smarter more efficient monitoring networks, while enhancing the use of in-situ wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In particular we focus on the use of visual sensors, modelled outputs and context information to support a conventional in-situ wireless sensor network creating a multi-modal environmental monitoring network. Here we provide an overview of a selection of our work in relation to the use of visual sensing through networked cameras or satellite imagers in three very diverse test sites -a river catchment, a busy port and a coastal environment.

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Effects of Suspended Sediments on Aquatic Ecosystems

Cited by 499 publications

References 10 publications

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Fire and amphibians in North America

Multi-modal sensor networks for more effective sensing in Irish coastal and freshwater environments

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