Effects of Surface Treatments, Thermocycling, and Cyclic Loading on the Bond Strength of a Resin Cement Bonded to a Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic

Abstract

The current results indicate that acid etching is a better option than air abrasion when bonding IPS e.max Press ceramic to dual-cure RelyX ARC resin cement. However, both fatigue and thermocycling decrease the bond strength. SUMMARYObjectives: The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of two surface treatments, fatigue and thermocycling, on the microtensile bond strength of a newly introduced lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) and a dual-cured resin cement.Methods: A total of 18 ceramic blocks (10 mm long 3 7 mm wide 3 3.0 mm thick) were fabricated and divided into six groups (n=3): groups 1, 2, and 3-air particle abraded for five seconds with 50-lm aluminum oxide particles; groups 4, 5, and 6-acid etched with 10%

Influence of Thermal Cycles Number on Bond Strength of Metallic Brackets to Ceramic

“…A previous study showed that the durability of the bond strength between a silanetreated ceramic surface and the resin cement decreased with thermal cycling or water storage (16). Some studies have shown that, depending on the type of the silane, thermal cycling may have a significant effect on bond strength reduction of the ceramic and resin interface (17,18). Previous studies showed that the application of silane followed by resin cement was partially effective in water storage conditions or after thermal cycling for decrease of the bond strength (19).…”

Influence of different treatments of the ceramic surface and thermal cycling on the bond strength of brackets to ceramic

“…The results of the present work are in agreement with those of previous studies, which found significant difference in bond strength values when the specimens were submitted to thermal cycling 2,4 . On the other hand, other studies are not in agreement showing no significant difference for bond strength of specimens submitted to thermal cycling 11,16 . These conflicting results may have occurred because a smaller number of thermal cycles were used in the aforementioned works in relation to a large number of thermal cycles in the current study.…”

“…HF acid is indicated for ceramic that contains silica in the composition 19 . When in contact with the ceramic surface it dissolves the vitreous phase, exposing crystals, promoting the formation of microporosities on the surface of conditioned ceramics, increased surface area, promoting better contact between bonding materials and ceramic, and improved bonding quality 11,13,19 .…”

“…When HF acid was used on the ceramic surface before other treatments, the results were more effective, except for group 3, when the Ambar Universal Adhesive was used. Some studies have shown that different treatments, such as phosphoric acid, aluminum oxide or without etching presented lower bond strength in relation to surface HF acid etching 2,11,13 . However, previous studies have shown that HF acid may promoted severe problems for dental personnel and patients because this solution is extremely toxic, reactive and corrosive 10,15 , and the severity depends on the acid concentration, exposure time and penetration into the exposed Figure 1.…”

“…HF acid is an efficient surface modification agent that is capable of dissolving the glassy ceramic matrix, increased the roughness 6 , contact surface and wettability 7,8 , promoting higher bond between bonding materials and ceramics [9][10][11] . The application of hydrofluoric acid followed by a silane solution have been used prior to bonding glass ceramic to increase the bond strength and durability between brackets and ceramic surface 3,12,13 or luting glass ceramic restorations 12 .…”