Effects of storage time and temperature on the antimony and some trace element release from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into the bottled drinking water

Abstract

Background and objectivesHeavy metals are considered as one of the major contaminants that can enter into the bottled waters. Antimony (Sb) is a contaminant, which may leach from the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into the water. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of antimony and other trace elements in bottled waters which was kept in varied storage conditions and temperatures.Materials and methodsFive time-temperature treatments were carried out on five different brands of commercially available bottled waters. Heavy metal measurement was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) method. Analysis of the collected data was processed by SPSS software.ResultsAntimony concentration was the main concern in our study. The concentrations increased in each of the sample during storage period at all temperatures. The results for different conditions were as follow: at 40°C, in outdoor and at room temperature the Sb concentrations were below the MCLs, i e. 6 ppb. However, at 65°C and 80°C for longer storage times Sb concentration exceeded the MCLs, and variations between the samples were significant (p ≤ 0.05). Storage time and temperature effects on the content of some other trace elements such as Al, Fe were also significant (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionBy increasing the duration of storage time and temperatures, antimony leaching from the PET bottles into the bottled water increased. The concentration of Al demonstrated an increase in higher temperatures and storage duration, whereas the content of Fe demonstrated no significant differences.

Influence on storage condition and time on properties of carbonated beverages from utilization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles: chemometric and health risk assessment

“…The impact of antimony leaching to storage condition (room temperature and sunlight exposure) over increasing storage time has shown that oral exposure to antimony in beverages over a period can lead to short term headaches, anorexia, dizziness, mild inflammation of veins and uvea, [ 49 , 50 ]. For children who continue consuming these beverages in PET bottles until adulthood may experience long-term gastrointestinal effect [ 51 ], biochemical and alteration in blood glucose level [ 29 ].…”

Data on assessing fluoride risk in bottled waters in Iran

“…Seventy one samples of different brands of bottled waters were chosen randomly, and then the fluoride concentration of water samples was determined by Ion Chromatography No. 4110 based on the method mentioned in the book of standard methods for water and wastewater experiments [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] .…”

Migration of catalyst elements from polyethylene terephthalate bottles into food simulants and mineral water under short‐ and long‐term conditions

“…In particular, the migration levels of five elements (Ge, Ti, Sb, Co and P) contained in the PET bottles into food simulants were investigated under various conditions (food simulants: distilled water, 4% acetic acid and 50% ethanol; time: 10 days to 24 months; temperature: 25–60°C). To date, many studies on the migration of Sb have been published, 3,15–19 but only a few have investigated the migration of other elements 20–22 . Furthermore, some drinks are kept in PET bottles for over a year, but the data on the long‐term migration levels are still lacking.…”

“…To date, many studies on the migration of Sb have been published, 3,[15][16][17][18][19] but only a few have investigated the migration of other elements. [20][21][22] Furthermore, some drinks are kept in PET bottles for over a year, but the data on the long-term migration levels are still lacking. In addition, in many cases, short-term migration tests were performed using bottles from which the filled beverage had been removed.…”