Effects of storage, temperature, and moisture stress on seed germination and early seedling development of trembling aspen

Fechner, G. H.; Burr, Karen E.; Myers, Joseph F.

doi:10.1139/x81-100

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Trembling aspen is a prolific seed producer with very small seeds easily blown by the wind and a maximum effective dispersal distance of 500 m to several km (USDA 2008). Aspen seeds have no dormancy requirements but do require adequate soil moisture during germination and early seedling growth (Barnes 1966, McDonough 1979, Fechner et al 1981. Sensitivity to even mild water deficits results in few seeds progressing past the incipient germination stage (McDonough 1979) but aspen seedlings also do not tolerate standing water (Kay 1993), indicating that very specific soil moisture conditions must be met for successful natural seedling establishment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Maximizing Natural Trembling Aspen Seedling Establishment on a Reclaimed Boreal Oil Sands Site

Pinno

Errington

2015

Ecological Restoration

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Actively facilitating the natural establishment of trees on reclamation sites is seen as an important step in ecosystem recovery after oil sands mining. We examined the effect of different reclamation prescriptions, including two soil types (peat-mineral mix and forest floor-mineral mix) and two fertilizer levels (200 kg N ha-1 and no fertilizer), on naturally established trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings and other deciduous trees. Aspen has a tiny, windblown seed which is very sensitive to moisture stress during establishment. Seedling establishment was greatest on peat-mineral mix soil with no fertilizer application and was related to the increased surface roughness and soil moisture and lack of vegetation competition with this soil prescription. Surprisingly, seedling establishment was not related to microsite characteristics such as concavity. Once established, average seedling height was not significantly different among soil types or fertilization treatments. Overall, using peat-mineral mix soil and increasing surface roughness offer a starting point for developing best management practices for facilitating natural deciduous tree seedling establishment in this region.

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confidence: 99%

Maximizing Natural Trembling Aspen Seedling Establishment on a Reclaimed Boreal Oil Sands Site

Pinno

Errington

2015

Ecological Restoration

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“…More studies are available regarding the seed germination stage (Tables 1, S1 and S2). For the four boreal tree species, high temperatures increase seed germination rates up to a maximum of 30-33 °C (Faust 1936;Fraser 1970a, b;McDonough 1979;Fechner et al 1981;Bevington 1986); germination rates decrease beyond this threshold. Germination is also strongly affected by the occurrence of drought, and tolerance to drought differs between species.…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…No black spruce germination was observed beyond 35 °C (Fraser 1970a). Likewise, optimal temperatures for trembling aspen germination in growth chambers range from 20 to 32 °C; while the rate decreases with temperatures above 30 °C, no germination is observed at 40 °C (Faust 1936;McDonough 1979;Fechner et al 1981). Jack pine seed germination can occur optimally from 15 to 32 °C (Fraser 1970b).…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They explained these results as greater survival in pre-emergent jack pine seedlings, due to their faster radicle elongation. The germination rate of trembling aspen seeds on a substrate where the water potential was − 0.4 MPa was only 50% (McDonough 1979), while no germination was observed at water potential of − 0.7 MPa (McDonough 1979;Fechner et al 1981).…”

Section: Water Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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How climate change might affect tree regeneration following fire at northern latitudes: a review

et al. 2019

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Climate change is projected to increase fire severity and frequency in the boreal forest, but it could also directly affect post-fire recruitment processes by impacting seed production, germination, and seedling growth and survival. We reviewed current knowledge regarding the effects of high temperatures and water deficits on post-fire recruitment processes of four major tree species (Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana, Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera) in order to anticipate the effects of climate change on forest recovery following fire in the boreal biome. We also produced maps of future vulnerability of post-fire recruitment by combining tree distributions in Canada with projections of temperature, moisture index and fire regime for the 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 periods. Although our review reveals that information is lacking for some regeneration stages, it highlights the response variability to climate conditions between species. The recruitment process of black spruce is likely to be the most affected by rising temperatures and water deficits, but more tolerant species are also at risk of being impacted by projected climate conditions. Our maps suggest that in eastern Canada, tree species will be vulnerable mainly to projected increases in temperature, while forests will be affected mostly by droughts in western Canada. Coniferdominated forests are at risk of becoming less productive than they currently are, and eventually, timber supplies from deciduous species-dominated forests could also decrease. Our vulnerability maps are useful for prioritizing areas where regeneration monitoring efforts and adaptive measures could be developed.

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“…Aspen can reproduce both sexually and asexually (Eckenwalder 1996), but successful sexual reproduction is infrequent despite the abundant crop of viable seeds (Bärring 1988, Worrell 1995. Germination and seedling establishment require sufficient moisture conditions (Latva-Karjanmaa et al 2003); and the viability of aspen seeds decreases quite rapidly (Fechner et al 1981). On the other hand, the asexual reproduction of aspen from root suckers is efficient (Bärring 1988, Worrel 1995.…”

Section: IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplication of hybrid aspen (<em>Populus tremula</em> L. x <em>P. tremuloides</em> Michx.) from cuttings

Stenvall¹

2006

Diss. For.

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The primary aim of the present study was to find an efficient and simple method of vegetative propagation for producing large numbers of hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides L. x P. tremula Michx.) plants for forest plantations. The key objectives were to investigate the main physiological factors that affect the ability of cuttings to regenerate and to determine whether these factors could be manipulated by different growth conditions. In addition, clonal variation in traits related to propagation success was examined. According to our results, with the stem cutting method, depending on the clone, it is possible to obtain only 1−8 plants from one stock plant per year. With the root cutting method the corresponding values for two-year-old stock plants are 81−207 plants. The difference in number of cuttings between one-and two-yearold stock plants is so pronounced that it is economically feasible to grow stock plants for two years. There is no reason to use much older stock plants as a source of cuttings, as it has been observed that rooting ability diminishes as root diameter increases. Clonal variation is the most important individual factor in propagation of hybrid aspen. The fact that the efficiently sprouted clones also rooted best facilitates the selection of clones for large-scale propagation. In practice, root cuttings taken from all parts of the root system of hybrid aspen were capable of producing new shoots and roots. However, for efficient rooting it is important to use roots smaller than one centimeter in diameter. Both rooting and sprouting, as well as sprouting rate, were increased by high soil temperature; in our studies the highest temperature tested (30ºC) was the best. Light accelerated the sprouting of root cuttings, but they rooted best in dark conditions. Rooting is essential because without roots the sprouted cutting cannot survive long. For aspen the criteria for clone selection are primarily fiber qualities and growth rate, but ability to regenerate efficiently is also essential. For large-scale propagation it is very important to find clones from which many cuttings per stock plant can be obtained. In light of production costs, however, it is even more important that the regeneration ability of the produced cuttings be high.Keywords: vegetative propagation, regeneration ability, stem cuttting, root cutting. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am very grateful to my supervisor, docent Pertti Pulkkinen, who offered me the possibility to work in this project. He has always found time to comment of the manuscripts, discuss problems related to my experiments, or whatever that I had on my mind. He has also introduced me to the ins and outs of science, advised me to take a part in many international conferences and encouraged me in applying grants.During the years, I have found many good friends in Haapastensyrjä, Finnish Forest Research Institute´s Breeding Station in Läyliäinen. Special thanks belong to Pilvi Jokiniemi and Päivi Selin, who worked with me for several summers. We had hilarious days in green...

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Effects of storage, temperature, and moisture stress on seed germination and early seedling development of trembling aspen

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Maximizing Natural Trembling Aspen Seedling Establishment on a Reclaimed Boreal Oil Sands Site

Maximizing Natural Trembling Aspen Seedling Establishment on a Reclaimed Boreal Oil Sands Site

How climate change might affect tree regeneration following fire at northern latitudes: a review

Multiplication of hybrid aspen (<em>Populus tremula</em> L. x <em>P. tremuloides</em> Michx.) from cuttings

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