Effects of stocking density on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity of growing pigs

Xue, Li; Xiong, Xia; Wu, Xin; Liu, Gang; Zhou, Kai; Yin, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2020.04.001

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Backfat thickness is an important indicator of performance and meat quality. Excessive backfat often has a negative impact on the reproductive performance, immunity, and meat quality of pigs [24,25]. Reducing backfat is key to improving the lean meat percentage, relevant studies have found that mulberry leaves can inhibit the deposition of backfat by promoting the secretion of leptin and the expression of the lipolysis gene HSL in the backfat tissue of pigs and inhibiting the expression of the fatty acid synthesis gene FASN, which is consistent with our results [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that mulberry leaf dietary supplementation can improve the lipo-nutritional quality of pork and regulate gut microbiota in pigs

Hou,

Ji,

Chu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Results showed that mulberry leaves could significantly reduce backfat thickness (P&lt;0.05) and increase intramuscular fat (IMF) content (P&lt;0.05). Lipidomics analysis showed that mulberry leaves improved lipid profile composition and increased the proportion of triglycerides (TG). Interestingly, IMF content was positively correlated with acyl C18:2 and negatively correlated with C18:1 of differential TGs. In addition, cecal microbiological analysis showed that mulberry leaves could increase the abundance of bacteria such as UCG−005, Muribaculaceae_norank, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Limosilactobacillus, and so on. At the same time improve the L-tyrosine-baton rouge ester, Oleic acid methyl ester, 21-deoxycortisol, N-acetyldihydrosphingosine, Mulberrin relative abundance. In this study, we found that mulberry leaves could extremely significantly increasing the mRNA relative expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in muscle (P＜0.01), significantly increasing mRNA relative expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) (P＜0.05) and significantly decreasing the mRNA relative expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) (P＜0.05), and aignificantly upregulated hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα) mRNA relative expression (P＜0.05) in backfat. In addition mulberry leaves could increased serum leptin and adiponectin (P＜0.01). Ultimately lead to up-regulation of IMF and down-regulation of backfat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that mulberry leaf dietary supplementation can improve the lipo-nutritional quality of pork and regulate gut microbiota in pigs

Hou,

Ji,

Chu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Commercial farming uses 0.7-1 m 2 of space per pig, depending on the country [68][69][70]. It is conceivable that under dense commercial farming condition direct transmission events could be favoured [71,72]. It is also possible that direct transmission is influenced by the viral strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness adaptations of Japanese encephalitis virus in pigs following vector-free serial passaging

Marti,

Nater,

Magalhaes

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic mosquito-transmitted Flavivirus circulating in birds and pigs. In humans, JEV can cause severe viral encephalitis with high mortality. Considering that vector-free direct virus transmission was observed in pigs, JEV introduction into an immunologically naïve pig population could result in a series of direct transmissions disrupting the alternating host cycling between vertebrates and mosquitoes. To assess the potential consequences of such a realistic scenario, we passaged JEV ten times in pigs. This resulted in higherin vivoviral replication, increased shedding, and stronger innate immune responses in pigs. Nevertheless, the viral tissue tropism remained similar and frequency of direct transmission was not enhanced. Next generation sequencing showed single nucleotide deviations in 10% of the genome during passaging. In total, 25 point mutations were selected to reach a frequency of at least 35% in one of the passages. From these, six mutations resulted in amino acid changes located in the precursor of membrane, the envelope, the non-structural 3 and the non-structural 5 proteins. In a competition experiment with two lines of passaging, the mutation M374L in the envelope protein and N275D in the non-structural protein 5 showed a fitness advantage in pigs. Altogether, the interruption of the alternating host cycle of JEV caused a prominent selection of viral quasispecies as well as selection of de novo mutations associated with fitness gains in pigs, albeit without enhancing direct transmission frequency.Author summaryJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) represents a major health threat in parts of Asia and Oceania. Primary vertebrate hosts are birds and pigs, but human infection also occurs and can cause severe encephalitis with high mortality. Like other Flaviviruses transmitted by insect bites, JEV requires replication in alternating cycles between mosquitoes on one side and birds or pigs on the other side. However, we previously reported that direct transmissions between pigs in absence of mosquitos can occur. Considering the increased risks for such events after the spread of JEV to a new region with immunologically naïve pigs, the present study was performed to understand if and how a series of direct transmissions would promote JEV adaptations to pigs and change virus-host interactions. Pigs infected with JEV passaged ten times showed enhanced clinical symptoms and stronger antiviral immune response, but luckily no increase in direct transmission was observed. Nevertheless, genomic analysis demonstrated a complete change in dominant virus variants, as well as selection of six viral amino acid changes. This indicates that interruptions of the alternating lifestyle of JEV causes a strong evolutionary pressure, which through fitness adaptations can change the viral characteristics.

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“…The TP level in blood serves as a key indicator of hepatic protein metabolic status in response to dietary supplementation. ALB, the most abundant blood protein, acts as an essential binding transporter for various metabolites, while also providing a constant supply of endogenous AAs [ 36 ]. Our current study detected a significant increase in serum TP and ALB levels as a result of dietary supplementation with magnolol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnolol Supplementation Alters Serum Parameters, Immune Homeostasis, Amino Acid Profiles, and Gene Expression of Amino Acid Transporters in Growing Pigs

Liu,

Li,

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with magnolol affects growth performance, anti-inflammatory abilities, serum and muscle amino acid profiles, and metabolisms in growing pigs. A total of 42 seventy-days-old growing barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allocated into two dietary groups: Con, control group (basal diet); and Mag, magnolol group (basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg of magnolol). The results revealed that dietary supplementation with magnolol had no effect (p > 0.05) on growth performance. However, magnolol supplementation remarkably increased (p < 0.05) the serum content of albumin, total protein, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and interleukin-22. In addition, dietary magnolol supplementation altered the amino acid (AA) profiles in serum and dorsal muscle and particularly increased (p < 0.05) the serum content of arginine and muscle glutamate. Simultaneously, the mRNA expression of genes associated with AA transport in jejunum (SLC38A2, SLC1A5, and SLC7A1) and ileum (SLC1A5 and SLC7A1) was higher (p < 0.05) in the Mag group than in the Con group. Additionally, the serum metabolomics analysis showed that the addition of magnolol significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) arginine biosynthesis, as well as D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Overall, these results suggested that dietary supplementation with magnolol has the potential to improve the accumulation of AAs, protein synthesis, immunity, and body health in growing pigs by increasing intestinal absorption and the transport of AAs.

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Effects of stocking density on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity of growing pigs

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that mulberry leaf dietary supplementation can improve the lipo-nutritional quality of pork and regulate gut microbiota in pigs

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that mulberry leaf dietary supplementation can improve the lipo-nutritional quality of pork and regulate gut microbiota in pigs

Fitness adaptations of Japanese encephalitis virus in pigs following vector-free serial passaging

Magnolol Supplementation Alters Serum Parameters, Immune Homeostasis, Amino Acid Profiles, and Gene Expression of Amino Acid Transporters in Growing Pigs

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