“…Nowadays, production industries are growing on a large scale, and both the State and central government are imposing strict regulations towards green and sustainable manufacturing policies [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. That is why several scientists and researchers have been attempted on environmentally sustainable cooling-lubrication systems to enhance the cutting performance and machinability of different hard-to-cut and difficult-to-cut workpiece materials during turning operations (EN-24, EN-31,42CrMo4, 17CrNiMo6, Haynes-25, Ti6Al4V, Inconel 825, 800, 718, AISI 202, AISI 316, AISI 420, AISI 1015, AISI 4140, AISI 4340, AISI 1045, AISI 1060, AISI 52100, AISI D2, D3) [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In the past, several researches have conducted the application of vegetable-based cutting fluid with MQL, and recommended an improved machining performance in terms of cutting force, tool wear, and surface roughness for MQL-assisted cutting fluid in comparison to dry and wet machining [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”