Effects of Specimen Size on Impact-Induced Reaction of High Explosives

Ma, Danzhu; Tian, Yuanyu; Li, Jingming; Dai, Kaida; Dai, Xiaogan; Chen, Pengwan

doi:10.1080/00102202.2013.782012

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…fireball size, pressure history, and reaction violence) has been widely examined. The experimental examination of two high explosives − PBX-1 and Composition B, indicated that specimen size has a significant effect on the violence of the explosion [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermobaric Effects of Cast Composite Explosives of Different Charge Masses and Dimensions

Simić¹,

Andjelić²,

Knežević³

et al. 2016

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Abstract:The aim of this research was to determine the thermobaric effect of cast composite explosives, with different masses and dimensions of the chosen explosive charges. This was done by measuring the shock wave parameters in air (maximum overpressure and pressure impulse) and quantifying the thermal effect (temperature-time dependence), at different distances from the centre of the detonation. The chosen thermobaric explosive composition, TBE-3, was characterized. Its density, detonation velocity and viscosity-time dependence were determined. Experimental samples of different masses and calibres were prepared. The shock wave parameters in air were determined in field tests, by measuring the overpressure by piezo-electric pressure transducers. The detonation and the expansion of the explosion products were filmed by a TV high-speed camera, Phantom V9. An infrared (IR) camera FLIR SC7200 was used for recording the IR scene of the explosions and for tracking the thermal effects by a thermographic technique, i.e. thermal imaging. This work is an initial step towards establishing a method for the quantification of the thermal effects of a thermobaric detonation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermobaric Effects of Cast Composite Explosives of Different Charge Masses and Dimensions

Simić¹,

Andjelić²,

Knežević³

et al. 2016

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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“…Experiments have shown how sample size affects ignition in the Steven test [14][15]38]. Here, we discuss how the sample radius and thickness affect ignition.…”

Section: Effect Of Sample Size On Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gruau et al [16] and Ma et al [15] found that, in view of experiments, the velocity threshold was not unique but covered a range spanning from the highest nonreactive velocity to the lowest reaction velocity. Moreover, Ma et al [14] demonstrated that, even for different sample sizes, the velocity threshold still covered a certain range. Although Ma et al [15] developed a dual criterion for ignition based on work with plastics to predict the velocity range, they could not determine the intrinsic mechanism behind the uncertainty in velocity.…”

Section: Confined Steven Test Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Shock Ignition Probability of Octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐Tetranitro‐Tetrazocine‐Based Polymer Bonded Explosives Based on Microcrack Stochastic Distribution

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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We investigate stochastic microcracks of a heterogeneous microstructure as the primary mechanism determining the non‐shock ignition probability of octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,2,3,5‐tetrazocine‐based polymer‐bonded explosives. To quantify the ignition probability, we modify the viscoelastic cracking constitutive model by considering randomly distributed microcracks and combine this model with the hot‐spot model and the Monte Carlo method. This method is validated by using a standard Steven test simulation, and we quantify how the microcrack stochasticity affects the ignition probability. The high‐temperature region clearly changes compared with the case of single microcrack size. The discrepancy in the mechanical response of each element due to the heterogeneous microcracks causes a shear deformation, which increases the temperature. The difference between a uniform distribution and a normal distribution in microcrack size is also discussed. For a given impact velocity, the ignition probability for the normal microcrack size distribution exceeds that for the uniform microcrack size distribution. Although the two distributions have the same mean and variance, the real range in microcrack size corresponding to the normal distribution exceeds that for the uniform distribution. The results show that the sample radius does not significantly affect the ignition probability, whereas the opposite is true for the sample thickness. The ignition‐probability curve is obtained in these cases. For sample dimensions of φ70 mm×13 mm, φ98 mm×13 mm, φ140 mm×13 mm, and φ98 mm×26 mm, the impact velocity thresholds corresponding to ignition probabilities in the range 0 %–99 % are 41.0–43.7, 41.0–44.3, 40.0–44.6, and 62.0–67.2 m/s, respectively, which is consistent with experimental results.

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“…The impact velocity was increased gradually from 20 to 130 m/s. One group of experimental data at an impact velocity of 44 m/s was applied to validate the simulation results (Ma et al [8,24], Chidester et al [5]). Figure 7 shows a typical comparison of the pressure history between the numerical and experimental results.…”

Section: Confined Steven Test Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They analyzed the effect of the ambient temperature on the violence of the reaction level of PBX 9504 and LX-04 under two deferent projectile head geometries. Ma et al [8] also discussed the specimen size effect on the ignition impact velocity using the Steven test. Moreover, they suggested that the material damage, friction, and plastic deformation played an important role in non-shock ignitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled Mechanical−Thermal Model for Numerical Simulations of Polymer−Bonded Explosives under Low−Velocity Impacts

Xiao

Fan

Wang

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Due to the significant thermalÀ mechanical effects during hot spot formation in polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs), a coupled mechanicalÀ thermal constitutive relationship was developed to predict the mechanical behaviors and the thermal reactions of polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs), which includes viscoelastic responses, the Visco-SCRAM model, equations of state, and the Arrhenius firstorder chemical kinetics model. The proposed model was implemented in the finite element code ABAQUS using the user subroutine VUMAT. Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) and confined Steven test simulations for PBX 9501 were performed to verify the model and understand the stress and temperature fields under different low impact velocities. The results predicted by the proposed model agreed well with the experimental results. This suggested that the model could be used to better simulate the thermalÀ mechanical responses of explosives. Moreover, compared with the previous analysis models and methods, the method in this paper has wider applicability because it does not require an empirical ignition criterion and hotspot model. It can provide a reference for the study of the thermalÀ mechanical responses of explosives and the localized ignition problem under low amplitude impact scenarios.

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Effects of Specimen Size on Impact-Induced Reaction of High Explosives

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Thermobaric Effects of Cast Composite Explosives of Different Charge Masses and Dimensions

Thermobaric Effects of Cast Composite Explosives of Different Charge Masses and Dimensions

Non‐Shock Ignition Probability of Octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐Tetranitro‐Tetrazocine‐Based Polymer Bonded Explosives Based on Microcrack Stochastic Distribution

Coupled Mechanical−Thermal Model for Numerical Simulations of Polymer−Bonded Explosives under Low−Velocity Impacts

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