“…6a – b ). An ISI of 1.25 s was determined based on one of our previous studies (Chiou, 2022b ) showing that an ISI of 1.25 s could balance the working memory demand for movements extracted from a continuous sequence with that for those extracted from a discontinuous sequence when a single-probe change-detection paradigm was used. Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One may suspect that the learning effect was due to insufficient practice before the formal experiment. However, based on our previous experience (e.g., Chiou, 2022aChiou, , 2022b, eight practice trials (with replay and feedback) should be sufficient for participants to understand and to perform the task properly. Moreover, in one of our previous studies (Chiou & Schack, 2023), participants performed a similar change-detection task under a dualprocessing condition for 288 trials (much more than the number of trials performed in the present study), but no learning effect was found across two experiments (N = 54 in total).…”
Section: Spatial and Temporal Information Of Movements Were Not Autom...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6a-b). An ISI of 1.25 s was determined based on one of our previous studies (Chiou, 2022b) showing that an ISI of 1.25 s could balance the working memory demand for movements extracted from a continuous sequence with that for those extracted from a discontinuous sequence when a single-probe change-detection paradigm was used. Same as Experiment 1, participants in the single group performed the change-detection task under the Temporalonly and Spatial-only conditions in two separate sessions (with the order counterbalanced between participants), while participants in the dual group performed the task under the Both condition in one single session (see the Design and Procedure section of Experiment 1).…”
Spatial and temporal information are two major feature dimensions of human movements. How these two types of information are represented in working memory—whether as integrated units or as individual features—influences how much information might be retained and how the retained information might be manipulated. In this study, we investigated how spatial (path/trajectory) and temporal (speed/rhythm) information of complex whole-body movements are represented in working memory under a more ecologically valid condition wherein the spatiotemporal continuity of movement sequences was considered. We found that the spatial and temporal information are not automatically integrated but share the storage capacity and compete for a common pool of cognitive resources. The finding rejects the strong form of object-based representation and supports the partial independence of spatial and temporal processing. Nevertheless, we also found that contextual factors, such as the way movements are organized and displayed, can further modulate the level of object-based representation and spatiotemporal integration.
“…6a – b ). An ISI of 1.25 s was determined based on one of our previous studies (Chiou, 2022b ) showing that an ISI of 1.25 s could balance the working memory demand for movements extracted from a continuous sequence with that for those extracted from a discontinuous sequence when a single-probe change-detection paradigm was used. Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One may suspect that the learning effect was due to insufficient practice before the formal experiment. However, based on our previous experience (e.g., Chiou, 2022aChiou, , 2022b, eight practice trials (with replay and feedback) should be sufficient for participants to understand and to perform the task properly. Moreover, in one of our previous studies (Chiou & Schack, 2023), participants performed a similar change-detection task under a dualprocessing condition for 288 trials (much more than the number of trials performed in the present study), but no learning effect was found across two experiments (N = 54 in total).…”
Section: Spatial and Temporal Information Of Movements Were Not Autom...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6a-b). An ISI of 1.25 s was determined based on one of our previous studies (Chiou, 2022b) showing that an ISI of 1.25 s could balance the working memory demand for movements extracted from a continuous sequence with that for those extracted from a discontinuous sequence when a single-probe change-detection paradigm was used. Same as Experiment 1, participants in the single group performed the change-detection task under the Temporalonly and Spatial-only conditions in two separate sessions (with the order counterbalanced between participants), while participants in the dual group performed the task under the Both condition in one single session (see the Design and Procedure section of Experiment 1).…”
Spatial and temporal information are two major feature dimensions of human movements. How these two types of information are represented in working memory—whether as integrated units or as individual features—influences how much information might be retained and how the retained information might be manipulated. In this study, we investigated how spatial (path/trajectory) and temporal (speed/rhythm) information of complex whole-body movements are represented in working memory under a more ecologically valid condition wherein the spatiotemporal continuity of movement sequences was considered. We found that the spatial and temporal information are not automatically integrated but share the storage capacity and compete for a common pool of cognitive resources. The finding rejects the strong form of object-based representation and supports the partial independence of spatial and temporal processing. Nevertheless, we also found that contextual factors, such as the way movements are organized and displayed, can further modulate the level of object-based representation and spatiotemporal integration.
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