Effects of Spatial Variations of Soil Moisture and Vegetation on the Evolution of a Prestorm Environment: A Numerical Case Study

Chang, J. L.; Wetzel, Peter J.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<1368:eosvos>2.0.co;2

Cited by 165 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…Observations indicate that vegetation breezes have an appreciable effect on the formation of shallow cumulus clouds (Rabin et al 1990;Garrett 1982). Numerical simulations dem onstrate that these circulations can provide preferred regions to focus atmospheric instabilities and to initiate convective development (Sun and Ogura 1979;Chen and Avissar 1994;Chang and Wetzel 1991;Mahfouf et al 1987;Garrett 1982). Anthes (1984) authored the landm ark study on mesoscale circulations that result from alternating bands of dense vegetation and bare soil.…”

Section: Impact On Dijferential Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Oklahoma's Winter Wheat Belt on the Mesoscale Environment

McPherson¹,

Stensrud²,

Crawford³

2004

Mon. Wea. Rev.

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This m anuscript has b een reproduced from th e microfilm master. UMI films th e te x t directly from th e original or copy subm itted. Thus, som e thesis an d d issertatio n copies are in typewriter face, while o th e rs may be from any type of co m p u te r printer.T h e q u ality of this re p ro d u c tio n is d e p e n d e n t u p o n th e quality of th e c o p y su b m itte d . Broken or indistinct print, colored o r poor quality illustrations a n d photographs, print bleedthrough, su b sta n d a rd margins, and improper alig n m en t can adversely affect reproduction.In th e unlikely event that the author did not se n d UMI a complete manuscript an d th e re are missing p ag es, th e se will b e n o ted . Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be rem oved, a n o te will indicate the deletion.O v ersize materials (e.g., m aps, draw ings, ch arts) are reproduced by sectio n in g the original, beginning a t th e u p p er left-hand com er and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.ProQ uest Information a n d Learning 30 0 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 4810 6 -1 3 4 6 USA 800-521-0600 UM1'UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE T h e Im p a c t o f O k l a h o m a 's W in t e r W h e a t B e l t ON THE MESOSCALE ENVIRONMENT A b s t r a c tThe research documented in this manuscript demonstrates that Oklahoma's winter wheat belt has a significant impact on the near-surface, mesoscale environm ent during growth and after harvest. Differences in near-surface atmospheric variables across the wheat belt and its adjacent lands are documented using the following methods: (1) ' Senescence is the period from full maturity of the plant until its death.

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Section: Impact On Dijferential Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical simulations denote that these circulations can provide preferred regions for focusing atmospheric instabilities and initiating convective development (Sun and Ogura 1979;Garrett 1982;Mahfouf et al 1987;Chang and Wetzel 1991;Chen and Avissar 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Oklahoma's Winter Wheat Belt on the Mesoscale Environment

McPherson¹,

Stensrud²,

Crawford³

2004

Mon. Wea. Rev.

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“…Other studies suggested that the soil moisture field may be the most important parameter in determining the structure of the daytime boundary layer (e.g., McCumber and Pielke 1981;Zhang and Anthes 1982;Segal et al 1995). Furthermore, Chang and Wetzel (1991) argued that the proper representation of evaporation and transpiration processes from the soil through vegetation canopies into the atmosphere is essential to mesoscale models, which try to predict prestorm environments.…”

Section: B Drylinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of a Great Plains Dryline

1997

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A three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic, nested grid version of the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was used to perform simulations of an actual dryline that was observed as part of the COPS-91 field experiment on 15 May 1991. A control run designed to reproduce the observed conditions as accurately as possible was generated and verified against standard National Weather Service observations, PAM-II observations, M-CLASS soundings, and vertical cross-sectional analyses obtained from the NOAA P-3 aircraft. A representative heterogeneous soil moisture field for use in the control simulation was generated using an antecedent precipitation index (API). Representative vegetation coverage based on the USGS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset was input into the model. An additional simulation using a homogeneous soil moisture field is compared to the control run.Results of study indicate that the use of realistic heterogeneous soil moisture and vegetation may be extremely important for accurate prediction of dryline formation and morphology. The effect of variable soil moisture appears to be first order, with large impacts on the strength of the thermal and moisture gradients along the dryline, as well as its position, structure, and movement.

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“…Soil moisture provides thermal inertia to the climate system (though to lesser degree); storing and later releasing heat, dampening out diurnal and seasonal variations in surface temperatures (Wei 1995). Regional variations in soil moisture can enhance dryline formation, initiate convection, and increase precipitation recycling (Chang and Wetzel 1991;Chen and Avissar 1994;Basara et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of soil moisture at typical alpine meadow and steppe sites in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region

et al. 2010

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Permafrost degradation has the potential to significantly change soil moisture. The objective of this study was to assess the variability of soil moisture in a permafrost region using geostatistical techniques. The experiment was conducted in August 2008 in alpine steppe and meadow located in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region. Four soil depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm) were analyzed using frequency domain reflectometry, and sampling made of 80 points in a 10 m 9 10 m grid were sampled. Soil moisture was analyzed using classical statistics to appropriately describe central tendency and dispersion, and then using geostatistics to describe spatial variability. Classical statistical method indicated that soil moisture in the permafrost region had a normal distribution pattern. Mean surface soil moisture in alpine meadow was higher than that in alpine steppe. The semivariograms showed that soil moisture variability in alpine cold steppe was larger than that in alpine meadow, which decreased with depths. Nugget values in alpine steppe were low (0.1-4.5), in contrast to alpine cold meadow. Soil moisture in alpine steppe had highly structured spatial variability with more than 93.4% spatial heterogeneity, and the range decreased with depth. Soil moisture content in alpine cold meadow had a moderate spatial dependence with a range of 51.3-169.2 m, increasing with depth.

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Effects of Spatial Variations of Soil Moisture and Vegetation on the Evolution of a Prestorm Environment: A Numerical Case Study

Cited by 165 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of Oklahoma's Winter Wheat Belt on the Mesoscale Environment

The Impact of Oklahoma's Winter Wheat Belt on the Mesoscale Environment

A Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of a Great Plains Dryline

Spatial variability of soil moisture at typical alpine meadow and steppe sites in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau permafrost region

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