Effects of spacing on biomass distribution and nutrient content of Tectona grandis Linn. f. (teak) and Terminalia superba Engl. &amp; Diels. (afara) in south-western Nigeria

Ola-Adams, B. A.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(93)90152-d

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The tree is planted around April at the beginning of the rainy season, and thrives on rich, well-drained alluvial soils, although it can also be cultivated on other soil types namely lateritic sands, gravel and clays, lava, black basaltic clays and crystalline soils. The wood air dries rapidly, degrades slightly and is lightweight to medium-weight, with a density ranging from 370Ð730 kg/m³ at a moisture content of about 12% [9]. Once the wood is dried, it becomes stable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Akinrinola¹,

Darvell²,

Jones³

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

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Biomass is the most utilised form of renewable energy, especially in developing nations, and is a possible replacement for fossil fuel in power generation. The most commonly used method for recovering energy from biomass is combustion. Many countries are exploring the utilisation of energy crops and indigenous residues to deliver sustainable sources of biomass. For these bioresources, detailed characterisation of the fuel properties is essential in order to optimise the combustion processes. In this study, some potential energy crops and woods from Nigeria, namely Terminalia superba, Gmelina arborea, Lophira alata, Nauclea diderrichii, and also one 2 abundant agricultural residue, palm kernel expellers (PKE) were characterised for their combustion properties. Standard characterisation methods such as proximate and ultimate analyses, metals analysis, and ash fusion test were used for this purpose and the results were compared to some UK biomass. In addition, their thermal conversion was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatographyÐmass spectrometry. Finally, combustion studies were conducted by suspending single biomass particles in a methane flame to obtain information on reactivities and combustion characteristics. Results indicate that the ash fractions in the Nigerian woods were low in K, Si, and Ca, resulting in low calculated alkali indices, hence these fuels are not predicted to cause severe fouling problems. Furthermore, the analysis of the evolved product during devolatilisation from Py-GC-MS suggests that the content of oil is high in Gmelina. Finally, the results from the single particle combustion experiments revealed longer char burn out rate for Lophira and Nauclea when compared with those of Terminalia and Gmelina.Keywords: biomass, torrefaction, energy, combustion, pyrolysis. Nigeria has large reserves of gas and solid minerals, and the largest oil reserves in Africa.Consequently the country has a very high dependence on crude oil, which contributes seedling nurseries, and plantation management [7]. Woods in the plantations include Gmelina, Terminalia, teak, eucalyptus, and pine. Tropical rain forest is the major source of timber supply and energy crops in Nigeria with high plant diversity of over 4,600 plant species. The forest covers 10% of the countryÕs land area with over 560 tree species at a range of about 30 to 70 species per hectare for trees ≥ 5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) [8].Terminalia superba is a tree found in the tropical lowland forest in Nigeria. The tree is planted around April at the beginning of the rainy season, and thrives on rich, well-drained alluvial soils, although it can also be cultivated on other soil types namely lateritic sands, gravel and clays, lava, black basaltic clays and crystalline soils. The wood air dries rapidly, degrades slightly and is lightweight to medium-weight, with a density ranging from 370Ð730 kg/m³ at a moisture content of about 12% [9]. Once the wood is dried, it becomes stable. The chemical composition

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the wood is dried, it becomes stable. The chemical composition has been measured as 14Ð17.5% of hemicellulose, 40 to 45% of cellulose, 28 to 35% lignin [9]. Nauclea diderrichil is a tree species found in the humid tropical rainforest of Nigeria and is one of the known trees in the early stage of forestry practice in Nigeria.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Akinrinola¹,

Darvell²,

Jones³

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

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“…Comparing the sum of stem biomass and biomass of the largest branches with data on AGB would lead to small underestimates because this study did not consider the biomass of twigs and leaves. According to Ola-Adams (1993) and Pendje (1993), small branches and leaves in limba plantations represent only 3% of the total AGB. This percentage was also added to the stem and branch biomass.…”

Section: Estimates Of Aboveground Biomass Using Models and Field Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these short-rotation plantations, teak (Kraenzel et al, 2003;Ola-Adams, 1993), Eucalyptus spp. (Fonweban and Houllier, 1997;Forrester et al, 2004) and Acacia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential of plantations of Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels for wood and biomass production (Mayombe Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo)

et al. 2010

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Abstract• In the 1940s-1950s, large limba (Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels) plantations were established in the Democratic Republic of Congo to reduce the pressure on the natural forests.• The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of these long-rotation plantations as production forests (timber) and carbon sinks.• Five different plantations, between 50 and 58 years old, were sampled. Over a sample surface of more than 73 ha, the diameter above buttresses of 2 680 trees, bole height of 265 trees and tree height of 128 trees was measured.• To estimate the commercial volume, a nonlinear power law regression was used (R 2 = 0.95). A power law variance function was applied to counter heteroscedasticity of the residual plot. Estimates of commercial tree and stand volume at 50 to 58 y were 5.6 ± 4.1 m 3 and 183.9 ± 135.0 m 3 ha −1 . Stand volumes appear low but are explained by a large decrease in tree density. However, the mean volume increment of 3.2-3.7 m 3 ha −1 y −1 corresponds well with teak plantations of a similar age. For limba, aboveground biomass and carbon estimates of this study (resp. 108.4 and 54.2 Mg ha −1 ) differ significantly from those of existing aboveground biomass models (resp. 135.7-143.9 Mg ha −1 biomass and 67.9-72.0 Mg ha −1 C). All aboveground biomass and carbon estimates for T. superba stands were lower than for the estimates of young fast-growing plantations like Tectona grandis L. f., Eucalyptus spp. and Acacia spp. (≤ 30 y). Mots-clés :Terminalia superba / Afrique centrale / plantation / volume / biomasse Résumé -Le potentiel des plantations de Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels dans la production de bois et de biomasse (forêt de Mayombe, République Démocratique du Congo).• Dans les années 1940-1950, de grandes plantations de limba (Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels) on été mises en place en République Démocratique du Congo afin de réduire la pression sur les forêts naturelles.• L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer le potentiel de ces plantations anciennes comme forêts de production de bois d'oeuvre et puits de carbone.• Cinq plantations différentes, âgées de 50 à 58 ans, ont été échantillonnées. Sur une surface de plus de 73 ha, le diamètre au-dessus des contreforts de 2 680 arbres, la hauteur de fût de 265 arbres et la hauteur totale de 128 arbres ont été mesurés.• Le volume commercial a été estimé à l'aide d'une régression du type loi de puissance (R 2 = 0.95). Une fonction de variance du même type a été adoptée pour supprimer l'hétéroscedasticité des résidus. Le volume commercial a été estimé à 5.6 ± 4.1 m 3 par arbre et 183.9 ± 135.0 m 3 ha −1 . Ce dernier volume semble faible mais peut être expliqué par une chute de la densité d'arbres. Toutefois, l'accroissement moyen en volume (3,2-3,7 m 3 ha −1 an −1 ) correspond bien avec des plantations de teck d'un âge comparable. Pour le limba, il y a une différence significative entre les valeurs d'estimation de biomasse et de quantité de carbone épigés dans cette étude (resp. 108,4 Mg ha −1 et 54,2 Mg ha −1 ) et dans les...

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Carbon storage and sequestration rate assessment and allometric model development in young teak plantations of tropical moist deciduous forest, India

Jha

2015

J. For. Res.

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Carbon (C) sequestration through plantations is one of the important mitigation measures for rising levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This study aimed to assess C stocks and their sequestration rate, and to develop allometric models for estimation of C stocking in age-series young teak (Tectona grandis) plantations (1, 5, 11, 18, 24 and 30 years) by using biomass and productivity estimation and regression, respectively. These plantations were raised in tropical moist deciduous forests of Kumaun Himalayan tarai. Total C stocks estimated for these plantations were 1.6, 15.8, 35.4, 39.0, 61.5 and 73.2 Mg ha -1 , respectively. Aboveground and belowground C storage increased with increasing plantation age; however, the range of their percentage contribution showed little variation (87.8-88.2 and 11.7-12.7 %, respectively). The rate of C sequestration for these respective plantations was 1.06, 6.95, 5.46, 5.42, 3.39 and 5.37 Mg ha -1 a -1 . Forty percent of the aboveground annual storage was retained in the tree while 60 % was released in the form of foliage, twigs, and fruit litter. In the case of total (tree) annual production, 43 % was retained while 57 % was released as litter including root. C stock, C sequestration rate, accumulation ratio (1.4-18.1), root:shoot C ratio (0.61-0.13) and production efficiency (0.01-0.18) were comparable to some previous reports for other species and forests. These data could be useful in deciding the harvesting age for young teak with respect to C storage and sequestration rate. Four allometric models using linear regression equations were developed between biomass (twice the C stock) and diameter, girth, and height of the tree at different ages. The diameter model was found more suitable for C stock prediction in similar areas.

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Effects of spacing on biomass distribution and nutrient content of Tectona grandis Linn. f. (teak) and Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels. (afara) in south-western Nigeria

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

Characterization of Selected Nigerian Biomass for Combustion and Pyrolysis Applications

The potential of plantations of Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels for wood and biomass production (Mayombe Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo)

Carbon storage and sequestration rate assessment and allometric model development in young teak plantations of tropical moist deciduous forest, India

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