Effects of soil water content, fertilization, light, weed competition and seedbed type on natural regeneration of beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Madsen, Palle

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(95)97453-y

Cited by 75 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These results suggest the predominance of pine competition over herbaceous competition owing to disproportionate biomass amounts aboveand belowground. Our results contradict earlier studies indicating clear impact of competition from herbaceous roots (especially graminae) on the growth of beech seedlings [21,34,36]. First, this could result from high water-and nutrient-level of volcanic ash soils, which is likely to limit the impact of competition from herbaceous roots [8].…”

Section: Beech Development In Response To Competitive Stresscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Light regime is likely to be the main driving factor behind beech growth in our experiment since irradiance varied strongly among stands while edaphic constraints were similar. Shade reduced both shoot and root development, as reported elsewhere [36,38,49,53]. Limited growth at low light (11% relative irradiance) presumably results from reduced leaf area and photosynthetic activity [48], although Fagus is able to regenerate at a much lower irradiance of 3 to 5% [12,30,37].…”

Section: Beech Development In Response To Competitive Stressmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…A compromise solution could be to favour beech installation in low-density stands similar to the ageing natural pine woodlands. Beech growth is likely to be rapid owing to a lateral shelterwood and an optimal incidental radiation of about 40% [8,25,36], despite a rather dense herbaceous cover.…”

Section: Beech Development In Response To Competitive Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticity in growth, biomass allocation and root morphology in beech seedlings as induced by irradiance and herbaceous competition

Curt

Coll²,

Prévosto³

et al. 2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Biomass increment, biomass allocation and fine-root morphology were compared on four-year old Fagus sylvatica seedlings growing under low (11% relative irradiance), medium (14-19%) or high (46%) irradiance under natural Pinus sylvestris canopies, and under full light in a weeded meadow in the French Massif Central. Significant differences in biomass increment were found among plots in relation to light regime and interspecific competition. Light regime had little effect on shoot-to-root ratio and biomass allocation, but had a clear impact on above-and belowground morphological variables. Beech seedlings displayed a lower specific root length (SRL) and a higher specific leaf area (SLA) under shade, thus indicating morphological adjustment to shade. Similarly, competition from herbaceous vegetation had a negligible effect on seedling growth and biomass allocation, but significant impact on fine-root morphology. Low SLA and high SRL values at high irradiance coincided with high growth increments. biomass allocation / European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) / fine-root architecture / interspecific competition / irradianceRésumé -Plasticité de la croissance de l'allocation de biomasse et de la morphologie racinaire chez les semis de hêtre provoquée par l'éclairement et la compétition herbacée. L'accroissement de biomasse, les patrons d'allocation de biomasse et la morphologie des racines fines ont été comparés sur des plants de hêtre (Fagus sylvatica L.) de quatre ans installés sous un boisement naturel de pin sylvestre à faible, moyen et fort éclairement (11 %, 14-19 % et 46 % d'irradiance relative), et en pleine lumière dans une prairie désherbée du Massif Central français. Les plants ont montré des différences significatives d'accroissement en biomasse selon l'éclairement relatif et l'intensité de la compétition avec le pin et les herbacées. L'éclairement a peu affecté le ratio biomasse aérienne / biomasse racinaire et l'allocation de biomasse au sein des différents compartiments, mais a eu un impact clair sur la morphologie foliaire et racinaire des plants. Les hêtres subissant un fort ombrage présentaient des racines fines peu ramifiées (faible longueur spécifique racinaire, SRL) et des feuilles peu épaisses (forte surface spécifique foliaire, SLA), ce qui suggère une faible capacité d'accès aux ressources du sol et un ajustement à une faible énergie lumineuse. De même, la végétation herbacée a eu un faible impact sur la croissance des hêtres et l'allocation de biomasse, mais a affecté significativement la morphologie de leur racines fines. Au total, des valeurs de SLA faibles et de SRL fortes à fort éclairement correspondent à de forts taux d'accroissement en biomasse. allocation de biomasse / hêtre (Fagus sylvatica L.) / morphologie des racines fines / compétition interspécifique / éclairement sous forêt

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Section: Beech Development In Response To Competitive Stresscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Beech Development In Response To Competitive Stressmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Plasticity in growth, biomass allocation and root morphology in beech seedlings as induced by irradiance and herbaceous competition

Curt

Coll²,

Prévosto³

et al. 2005

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…Beech seedlings can survive the light conditions that barely permit any growth for some time at least. Experiments under controlled conditions show that the minimum light intensity required for young beech seedlings to survive is around 1% of total radiation (Madsen 1995a;Collet et al 2001). According to Peters (1997) beech establishment is optimal under a 50% crown canopy cover.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural regeneration of senescent even-aged beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands under the conditions of Central Bohemia

Bílek¹,

Remeš²,

Zahradník³

2009

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The natural regeneration of beech (Fagus sylvatica l.) was studied under various shelterwood densities and silvicultural treatments in senescent beech stands in central Bohemia. four permanent research plots differed in shelterwood density, crown cover and average relative light intensities. Between 2003 and 2007, seed production, seedling emergence and survival were followed. The mean density of beech seeds (full and empty) per 1 m 2 was estimated in another forest stand. in the autumn of 2003 the values were distinctly higher than those indicated for full mast years of beech. Despite high losses during the wintering of seeds, relatively low germination and high first-season mortality, the high density of 1-year-old beech seedlings indicates that these elements are not the factors which hinder natural regeneration. The thickness of the humus horizons influenced the density of young beech seedlings during all the three years. Ground vegetation was more frequent outside the crown projections of parent trees and increased with distance from the nearest tree. A reduction of crown cover to the level of 80% was an appropriate measure that assured the high survival of beech regeneration during the observed four-year period. Border cutting with the outer face oriented towards the east has to be considered as less suitable for beech regeneration than shelterwood systems and group selection harvesting.

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“…Beech seedlings and saplings were studied in their response to elevated [CO 2 ] (e.g. Heath and Kerstiens 1997;Bruhn et al 2000;Kozovits et al 2005), elevated temperature (Leverenz et al 1999;Saxe and Kerstiens 2005;Overdieck et al 2007), low soil moisture (Madsen 1995;García-Plazaola and Becerril 2000;Fotelli et al 2001;Nielsen and Jørgensen 2003;Löf et al 2005) and increased N availability (Flückiger and Braun 1999;Finzi and Canham 2000;Thomas et al 2006). Most studies found significant growth responses to these factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple environmental control of leaf area and its significance for productivity in beech saplings

Fender

Mantilla-Contreras

Leuschner

2011

Trees

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Climatic change exposes temperate trees to the simultaneous alteration of various growth-relevant factors, among them increased temperatures, extended growing season length and rising atmospheric [CO 2 ], often in combination with more severe droughts and reduced air humidities in summer, and elevated atmospheric N deposition. We conducted a multi-factorial climate chamber experiment to search for interactive effects of temperature (T), soil moisture (h), water vapour saturation deficit (VPD) and N availability (N) on the growth of Fagus sylvatica saplings and for identifying the most relevant factors that control leaf area development and productivity under a future warmer and drier climate with continuing high N deposition. For each of the four factors, two levels were simulated, reflecting current and expected future conditions in Central European beech forests. All four factors (including VPD) had a significant effect on productivity; several factors (e.g. T 9 VPD) interacted in a synergistic way. Productivity was most tightly correlated with the number of leaves while leaf area was less influential and photosynthetic activity was of only minor importance. The number of leaves produced was most tightly correlated with h, N and VPD, while leaf area (leaf expansion) showed closest relation to temperature. We conclude that predictions about the growth response of trees to climate change and altered atmospheric N deposition need to consider a multitude of environmental factors and must account for positive and negative factor interactions.

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Effects of soil water content, fertilization, light, weed competition and seedbed type on natural regeneration of beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Cited by 75 publications

References 5 publications

Plasticity in growth, biomass allocation and root morphology in beech seedlings as induced by irradiance and herbaceous competition

Plasticity in growth, biomass allocation and root morphology in beech seedlings as induced by irradiance and herbaceous competition

Natural regeneration of senescent even-aged beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands under the conditions of Central Bohemia

Multiple environmental control of leaf area and its significance for productivity in beech saplings

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