Effects of soil trenching on occurrence of ectomycorrhizas on Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings grown in mature forests of Betula papyrifera and Pseudotsuga menziesii

Simard, Suzanne W.; Perry, David A.; Smith, Jane E.; Molina, Randy

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00731.x

Cited by 102 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Fleming (1983Fleming ( , 1984 was the first to stress that seedlings around trees are colonized by EM fungi typical of the old trees. Thereafter, several studies using baiting seedlings have confirmed this to be a general pattern (Fleming et al, 1986 ;Dahlberg & Stenstro$ m, 1991 ;Newton, 1991 ;Simard et al, 1997b ;Ka/ re! n, 1997).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It has been suggested that the EM fungi colonizing roots in natural communities originate from the mycelial network in forest soil more frequently than from spores (cf. Robertson, 1954 ;Deacon et al, 1983 ;Read & Birch, 1988 ;Deacon & Fleming, 1992 ;Newton, 1992 ;Dahlberg & Stenlid, 1995 ;Dahlberg, 1997 ;Simard et al, 1997b). Exploring mycelia from mycorrhizas have a significantly higher potential to colonize emerging root-tips than mycelia from spores, because of the carbohydrate support that they receive from trees (Fleming, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Continuity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in self‐regenerating boreal Pinus sylvestris forests studied by comparing mycobiont diversity on seedlings and mature trees

et al. 1999

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Seedlings and old trees of Scots pine in self-regenerating, old, virgin boreal forest in northern Sweden were compared in terms of the species composition of their associated ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. The natural regeneration of seedlings was mimicked by annual seeding for 10 yr (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995) in intact field vegetation at three sites. In 1995, all seedlings were harvested, and 171 were examined for mycorrhizas. Twenty-five soil cores were taken in order to study the mycorrhizas on the established trees. Most short roots were mycorrhizal. Using mycorrhizal morphology and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) analysis, we were able to distinguish 43 ectomycorrhizal taxa. Fourteen of these taxa were identified using a sporocarp and mycelial culture based internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-RFLP reference database, and another three were identified by mycorrhizal morphology. Cenococcum geophilum, Piloderma croceum and Suillus variegatus were present on the seedlings, irrespective of age, as well as on the old trees. At one forest, 23 ectomycorrhizal taxa were found as mycorrhizas, of which 10 occurred on both seedlings and old trees. These 10 species accounted for 92 and 73% of the mycorrhizas on the seedlings and old trees, respectively. A 3-yr survey of ectomycorrhizal sporocarps at the same site revealed 62 EM taxa. The degree of similarity between the composition of EM species reflected by sporocarps and by mycorrhizas, was low. Ectomycorrhizal species present in our ITS-RFLP database constituted 7.5-19% of the mycorrhizas on seedlings and old trees, whereas they constituted 80-95% of the total production of epigeous sporocarps. The unidentified taxa comprised 70-87% of the mycorrhizas. Our findings support the view that the species composition of mycorrhizas colonizing naturally regenerated seedlings in forests is similar to that of mycorrhizas colonizing surrounding trees. We suggest that the concept of the mycelial network be expanded in order to embrace both the significance of interconnections between different trees as well as the continuity or perpetuation of EM fungal communities.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in self‐regenerating boreal Pinus sylvestris forests studied by comparing mycobiont diversity on seedlings and mature trees

et al. 1999

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“…Additionally, the belowground heterogeneity of stands may be elevated by clumped distributions of roots and the resulting heterogeneity in water and nutrient uptake and release of protons (Ruark and Zarnoch 1992;OliveiraCarvalheiro and Nepstad 1996;Partel and Wilson 2002). Proximity to trees may also influence the functions and diversity of soil micro-organism communities (Simard et al 1997;Frankland 1998) and influence the species composition of forest floor vegetation (Paluch 2005a, b). Hence, distance from the tree stem appears to be a factor with considerable potential to contribute to topsoil heterogeneity even in relatively uniformly stocked stands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-crown versus under-crown area: contribution of local configuration of trees to variation in topsoil morphology, pH and moisture in Abies alba Mill. forests

Paluch¹,

Gruba

2011

Eur J Forest Res

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This investigation of three Abies alba stands differing in stem density (338-715 per ha) and vertical structure (one-storeyed or multi-layered) explored the relations between distance from neighbouring tree stems and local canopy openness and selected topsoil properties. The null hypothesis was that in relatively densely stocked forests of close-random stem distribution topsoil morphology, pH and moisture do not differ in inter-crown and under-crown patches. In three plots 1.1 ha in area, soil samples were taken in a square grid 5.0 9 5.0 m and analysed using semivariogram estimation and spatial autocorrelation. The local configuration of trees around the sampled locations was characterised using hemispheral photography and a local stand density index based on tree locations and diameters. The largest portion of the total variation in the soil variables analysed (68-100%) was attributable to small-scale variation in scales \5 m. In all stands, irrespective of density and vertical structure, local stand density/canopy openness correlated positively/ negatively with ectohumus layer thickness but negatively/ positively with upper soil pH and moisture. Variation in the local configuration of trees explained up to 17% of the total variation in organic horizon thickness, up to 22-29% in topsoil pH (depending on the horizon) and up to 19-27% in topsoil moisture. The results indicate that even in stands of random tree patterning, stem neighbourhood and smallscale variation in canopy density may contribute significantly to topsoil heterogeneity and potentially affect the functioning and structure of forest floor vegetation.

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“…Early or later stage EMF can link Douglas-fir trees of many ages in the dry forests (Teste et al 2009b, K. Beiler, unpublished data) or, if they are host-generalists, link Douglas-fir with other tree and shrub species in the wetter mixed forests of interior British Columbia (Simard et al 1997b;Hagerman et al 2004;Twieg et al 2007). In a dry, uneven-aged forest, for example, we have used multi-locus, microsatellite DNA markers to discover that all young Douglas-fir trees have regenerated within the extensive Rhizopogon vinicolor and R. visiculosus mycorrhizal (links) network of old veteran Douglas-fir trees (nodes) (K. Beiler, unpublished data).…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Network In Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the understory of century-old paper birch and Douglas-fir mixtures, establishment success of Douglas-fir has increased where seedlings were linked into the network of older trees (Simard et al 1997b). In the forest, greater regeneration success has been associated with colonization of a more complex mycorrhizal community on networked seedlings (Simard et al 1997b), but in clearcuts, networked Douglas-fir have also received carbon from neighbouring paper birch trees, particularly where Douglas-fir was shaded (Simard et al 1997a). Net carbon transfer followed a source-sink photosynthate gradient, from carbon-and nutrientrich paper birch source trees to increasingly lightstressed Douglas-fir sink trees (Fig.…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Network In Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal networks and complex systems: Contributions of soil ecology science to managing climate change effects in forested ecosystems

Simard

2009

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Simard, S.W. 2009. Mycorrhizal networks and complex systems: Contributions of soil ecology science to managing climate change effects in forested ecosystems. Can. J. Soil Sci. 89: 369Á382. Soil ecology science has contributed a rich understanding of natural soil patterns and processes, and played a role in revolutionizing the management of ecosystems. This basic understanding is also providing a foundation for predicting and managing the consequences of climate change on ecosystems, including their resilience to disturbance, biotic diversity, and carbon and nutrient dynamics. To help address the challenges of climate change, future soil ecology research and management would benefit from a complex systems approach, where network and dynamics systems theory are used to predict plant community and ecosystem responses to disturbance. A reductionist approach to management that ignores networks and system dynamics, by contrast, is destined to contribute to ecological degradation as climate changes. In this paper, I describe mycorrhizal networks as models of biological networks in the interior Douglas-fir forests of British Columbia, and the role they play in carbon flux and regeneration dynamics following disturbance. I propose a conservationist approach for managing forest mycorrhizal networks and hub trees that can facilitate native plant migrations, limit exotic plant invasions, and bolster ecological resilience. Interdisciplinary research that integrates the dynamics of multiple, overlapping networks will help develop management practices that sustain ecosystems in our changing climate.Key words: Climate change, complex systems, mycorrhizal networks, species migrations Simard, S.W. 2009. Re´seaux de mycorhizes et syste`mes complexes : contributions de l'e´cologie du sol a`la gestion des effets du changement climatique dans les e´cosyste`mes forestiers. Can. J. Soil Sci. 89: 369Á382. L'e´cologie du sol est une science qui nous a aide´s a`bien comprendre les sols naturels et les processus qui s'y associent; elle a aussi concouru a`re´volutionner la gestion des e´cosyste`mes. Paralle`lement, ces connaissances de base servent de pierre d'assise a`la pre´vision et a`la gestion des conse´quences du changement climatique sur les e´cosyste`mes, notamment leur re´silience face aux perturbations, la diversited es biotes ainsi que la dynamique du carbone et des e´le´ments nutritifs. Pour nous aider a`surmonter les enjeux lie´s au changement climatique, les futures recherches en e´cologie du sol profiteraient d'une approche fonde´e sur les syste`mes complexes, en vertu de laquelle on appliquerait a`la the´orie de la dynamique des re´seaux et des syste`mes pour pre´voir la re´action des populations ve´ge´tales et des e´cosyste`mes aux perturbations. Une approche re´ductionniste qui ne´gligerait la dynamique des re´seaux et des syste`mes contribuerait, en revanche, a`une de´gradation de l'e´cologie, a`mesure qu'e´volue le climat. Dans cet article, l'auteur prend les re´seaux de mycorhizes comme mode`le des re´seaux biologiques ...

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Effects of soil trenching on occurrence of ectomycorrhizas on Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings grown in mature forests of Betula papyrifera and Pseudotsuga menziesii

Cited by 102 publications

References 34 publications

Continuity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in self‐regenerating boreal Pinus sylvestris forests studied by comparing mycobiont diversity on seedlings and mature trees

Continuity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in self‐regenerating boreal Pinus sylvestris forests studied by comparing mycobiont diversity on seedlings and mature trees

Inter-crown versus under-crown area: contribution of local configuration of trees to variation in topsoil morphology, pH and moisture in Abies alba Mill. forests

Mycorrhizal networks and complex systems: Contributions of soil ecology science to managing climate change effects in forested ecosystems

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