Effects of soil applied herbicides on leaf nitrate reductase and crude protein in the leaf and seed of two cowpea cultivars

Omokaro, DN; Ajakaiye, Christianah O.

doi:10.1007/bf02214539

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Elevated seed protein levels following glyphosate exposure have been reported for other species and may be the result of stress response and decrease in seed size and seed number. In cowpea, pendimethalin increased leaf nitrate concentration and leaf protein but did not influence seed protein. However, the herbicide metobromuron increased leaf nitrate concentration, decreased NRA, but increased seed protein by 29% at 125 g/ ha in 60D cultivar .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In cowpea, pendimethalin increased leaf nitrate concentration and leaf protein but did not influence seed protein. However, the herbicide metobromuron increased leaf nitrate concentration, decreased NRA, but increased seed protein by 29% at 125 g/ ha in 60D cultivar . Impaired translocation of vegetative protein to developing seed was indicated by the negative correlation between leaf crude protein and seed protein.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…For example, imazethapyr, a branched amino acid synthesis inhibitor, reduced NRA and nitrate uptake by soybean roots (30). In cowpea, metobromuron applied at 125 g/ha increased nitrate and protein concentration in leaves but decreased NRA (31). When applied at 625 g/ha, metrobromun increased NRA throughout the growth period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glyphosate Effect on Shikimate, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Yield, and Seed Composition in Corn

Reddy¹,

Bellaloui²,

Zablotowicz³

2010

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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When glyphosate is applied to glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, drift to nonglyphosate-resistant (non-GR) crops may cause significant injury and reduce yields. Tools are needed to quantify injury and predict crop losses. In this study, glyphosate drift was simulated by direct application at 12.5% of the recommended label rate to non-GR corn (Zea mays L.) at 3 or 6 weeks after planting (WAP) during two field seasons in the Mississippi delta region of the southeastern USA. Visual plant injury, shikimate accumulation, nitrate reductase activity, leaf nitrogen, yield, and seed composition were evaluated. Effects were also evaluated in GR corn and GR corn with stacked glufosinate-resistant gene at the recommended label rate at 3 and 6 WAP. Glyphosate at 105 g ae/ha was applied once at 3 or 6 weeks after planting to non-GR corn. Glyphosate at 840 (lower label limit) or 1260 (upper label limit) g ae/ha was applied twice at 3 and 6 WAP to transgenic corn. Glyphosate caused injury (45-55%) and increased shikimate levels (24-86%) in non-GR compared to nontreated corn. In non-GR corn, glyphosate drift did not affect starch content but increased seed protein 8-21% while reducing leaf nitrogen reductase activity 46-64%, leaf nitrogen 7-16%, grain yield 49-54%, and seed oil 18-23%. In GR and GR stacked with glufosinate-resistant corn, glyphosate applied at label rates did not affect corn yield, leaf and seed nitrogen, or seed composition (protein, oil, and starch content). Yet, nitrate reductase activity was reduced 5-19% with glyphosate at 840 + 840 g/ha rate and 8-42% with glyphosate at 1260 + 1260 g/ha rate in both GR and GR stacked corn. These results demonstrate the potential for severe yield loss in non-GR corn exposed to glyphosate drift.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Glyphosate Effect on Shikimate, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Yield, and Seed Composition in Corn

Reddy¹,

Bellaloui²,

Zablotowicz³

2010

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The increase in the activity of nitrate reductase and nitrogenase may be associated with leaf B concentration (Figure A,B ). Recently, Matas et al showed that B supply affected nitrate uptake by roots and not nitrate reduction (assimilation) as evaluated by NRA in tobacco. Our results showed that B application increased B concentration in leaves and seeds and increased also NRA in soybean.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Glyphosate−Boron Application on Seed Composition and Nitrogen Metabolism in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

Bellaloui

Abbas²,

Gillen³

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of glyphosate (Gly) alone, boron (B) alone, and Gly-B combined on seed composition and nitrogen metabolism in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). No Gly and no B application plants were used as control (C). Results showed that Gly, Gly-B, or B applications increased protein, oleic acid, and total amino acid concentrations in seed. However, oil and linolenic acid concentrations decreased under those treatments compared with the nontreated control. Gly-B combined or B treatments increased B concentration in leaves and seed, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), and nitrogenase activity and resulted in a significant positive correlation between B concentration in leaves and NRA (r = 0.54; P < 0.0001) and B concentration in leaves and nitrogenase activity (r = 0.35; P = 0.005). The results suggest that Gly-B tank mixing may not antagonize B uptake and translocation to leaves and seeds, and the inhibitory effect of Gly on nutrient uptake and translocation may depend on the ion species and form of the nutrient mixed with Gly. These results demonstrate that Gly-B application alters seed composition, nitrogen metabolism, and B status in leaves and seed.

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“…It is of great concern to understand the effect of herbicides on non-targeted crops they are meant to protect (Xia et al, 2006). Omokaro and Ajakaiye (1989) demonstrated that four herbicides applied on two cultivars of cowpea decreased their nitrate reductase activity. El Tahir (2010), also showed that five herbicides (including oxyfluorfen) lowered nitrate reductase activity in cotton seedlings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF THE HERBICIDE OXYFLUORFEN ON NITRATE REDUCTASE AND NITRATE CONTENT IN Zea mays L. SEEDLINGS

Eltahir

Wasfi

2012

Journal of Plant Production

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Oxyfluorfen spraying resulted in distinct lowering of nitrate reductase with both doses of the herbicide (5 ppm and 15 ppm) and in both roots and leaves of maize seedlings throughout the run of the experiments. After 5 days of spraying, diminishment of the enzyme amounted to 37% and 56% with the lowest dose of the herbicide in roots and leaves respectively. A similar pattern was observed after 10 and 15 days of spraying. On the other hand, the nitrate content behaved similarly indicating induction of nitrate reductase by nitrate availability. Lowering of nitrate reductase and nitrate content by oxyfluorfen treatment could be attributed to decline in carbon assimilation by some herbicides as verified by several workers, and nitrate uptake and reduction to nitrate reductase are energy expending processes.

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Effects of soil applied herbicides on leaf nitrate reductase and crude protein in the leaf and seed of two cowpea cultivars

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Glyphosate Effect on Shikimate, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Yield, and Seed Composition in Corn

Glyphosate Effect on Shikimate, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Yield, and Seed Composition in Corn

Effect of Glyphosate−Boron Application on Seed Composition and Nitrogen Metabolism in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

EFFECT OF THE HERBICIDE OXYFLUORFEN ON NITRATE REDUCTASE AND NITRATE CONTENT IN Zea mays L. SEEDLINGS

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