Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate or Sodium Sesquicarbonate on Lactating Holsteins Fed a High Grain Diet

Solórzano, Luis C.; Armentano, L.E.; Grummer, R. H.; Dentine, M.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(89)79127-x

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The effects of SB on DMI have been inconsistent in previous studies. While some work has reported no effect of SB on DMI (Hart and Polan 1984;Coppock et al 1986;Ghorbani et al 1989), other researchers have reported that dietary buffers improved feed intake and increased animal performance (Fulton et al 1979b;Solorzano et al 1989;Zinn 1991). Keunen et al (2003) reported that offering free choice SB to dairy cows with ruminal acidosis did not increase DMI, similar to our observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Use of sodium bicarbonate, offered free choice or blended into the ration, to reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis in cattle

Paton¹,

Beauchemin²,

Veira³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. and von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. 2006. Use of sodium bicarbonate, offered free choice or blended into the ration, to reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis in cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86: 429-437. A study was conducted to determine whether feeding sodium bicarbonate (SB) reduces the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in cattle fed high concentrate feedlot finishing diets. The experiment was conducted as a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with two squares and 2-wk periods. Three mature, non-lactating Holstein cows were allocated to square 1 and three mature Jersey steers were allocated to square 2. The cattle were ruminally cannulated and gradually adapted to a high concentrate diet before starting the experiment. The basal diet contained approximately 80% stream-rolled barley, on a dry matter (DM) basis, and was offered for ad libitum intake. Treatments were: control (no SB), control diet with cattle given free choice access to a SB mixture consisting of 70% SB and 30% dried molasses (free choice SB), and control diet supplemented with SB (7 g SB kg -1 DM; mixed SB). Ruminal pH was measured at the end of each 14-d period for 3 continuous days using an indwelling pH system. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by treatment. However, SB intake depended upon type of cattle and method of provision (P = 0.04); cows had higher SB intake when it was mixed into the diet (57.8 vs. 17.4 g d -1 ), whereas steers had higher SB intake when SB was provided free choice (129.1 vs. 56.1 g d -1 ). Ruminal pH characteristics (mean, maximum, minimum, hours, and area under a threshold pH of 5.8 or 5.5) were not affected by treatment. Although neither method of delivering SB reduced the total time each day that pH was below the pH thresholds used to indicate subacute ruminal acidosis, the number of long (> 4 h) continuous bouts of acidosis (pH ≤ 5.8) was reduced (P = 0.01) when SB was mixed into the ration compared with the control. When offered free choice, intake of SB was highly variable among animals and from day-to-day and was inversely correlated to DMI. However, there was no correlation between SB intake and ruminal pH indicating that, when given the opportunity, cattle did not select SB to help prevent ruminal acidosis. Providing SB, either free choice or mixed into the ration, did not eliminate subacute ruminal acidosis in cattle fed high-grain diets. However, mixing SB into the ration reduced the number of long bouts of ruminal acidosis, which could potentially reduce the negative consequences of ruminal acidosis on feed digestion. Les auteurs ont entrepris une étude pour savoir si le fait de donner du bicarbonate de sodium (BS) aux bovins en parc d'engraissement recevant une ration riche en concentrés réduirait le risque d'acidose subaigüe du rumen. L'expérience s'est déroulée en double carré latin de 3 x 3 comprenant deux enclos et deux périodes de deux semaines. Trois vaches Holstein matures non en lactation ont été placées dans le premier enclos tandis que le second accueillait trois bouvillons Jersey matures. Les ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…When mixed into the ration, dietary buffers such as sodium bicarbonate (SB) can elevate ruminal pH (Ghorbani et al 1989;Solorzano et al 1989;Zinn 1991), although not always (Russell et al 1980;Hart and Polan 1984). Bicarbonate, the primary buffer in saliva and ruminal fluid, is a strong neutralizer of reductions in ruminal pH (Kohn and Dunlap 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of sodium bicarbonate, offered free choice or blended into the ration, to reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis in cattle

Paton¹,

Beauchemin²,

Veira³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Lactate concentrations were not effected in the BUFfed heifers, consistent with sodium bicarbonate-fed dairy cattle (Kilmer et al, 1981;Kennelly et al, 1999), but were numerically lower than the control and MT groups. The decrease in ammonia concentration may suggest the BUF reduced protein degradation; however, ammonia concentrations were not affected in sodium bicarbonate-fed cattle (Solorzano et al, 1989;González et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of feed additives on rumen and blood profiles during a starch and fructose challenge

Golder

Celi

Rabiee

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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We evaluated the effect of feed additives on the risk of ruminal acidosis in Holstein heifers (n = 40) fed starch and fructose in a challenge study. Heifers were randomly allocated to feed additive groups (n = 8 heifers/group): (1) control (no additives); (2) virginiamycin (VM); (3) monensin + tylosin (MT); (4) monensin + live yeast (MLY); and (5) sodium bicarbonate + magnesium oxide (BUF). Heifers were fed 2.5% of body weight (BW) dry matter intake (DMI) per day of a total mixed ration (62:38 forage:concentrate) and feed additives for a 20-d adaptation period. Fructose (0.1% of BW/d) was included for the last 10d of the adaptation period. On d 21, heifers were fed to target a DMI of 1.0% of BW of wheat, fructose at 0.2% of BW, and their feed additives. Rumen fluid samples obtained by stomach tube and blood samples were collected weekly as well as during a 3.6-h period on challenge day (d 21). Virginiamycin and BUF groups maintained a consistently high DMI across the 20-d adaptation period. The MLY heifers had low DMI of the challenge ration. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by feed additives. All rumen and plasma measures changed weekly over adaptation and over the challenge sampling period with the exception of rumen total lactate and histamine concentrations, plasma oxidative stress index, and ceruloplasmin. Substantial within- and between-group variation was observed in rumen and plasma profiles at challenge sampling. No significant group changes were observed in rumen total volatile fatty acids, propionate, acetate-to-propionate ratio, isobutyrate, caproate, isovalerate, total lactate, d- and l-lactate, and pH measures on challenge day. Acetate concentration was increased in the BUF and control groups on challenge day. Butyrate concentration was lower in the MLY and MT groups compared with other groups at challenge. Valerate concentrations were lowest in the control, VM, and BUF groups and lactate concentrations were numerically lower in the MLY, VM, and BUF groups. Total lactate concentrations were >10mM for each group throughout the challenge. Ammonia concentrations were lower in the MLY and MT groups. Histamine concentrations were decreased in MLY and increased in the VM and BUF groups. Plasma oxidative stress measures were not influenced by feed additives weekly or on challenge day, except for an increase in biological antioxidant potential in the control, VM, and MT groups on challenge day. Despite the large within-animal variation, all feed additives modified rumen function and may influence the risk of acidosis by different mechanisms; however, none stabilized the rumen in all heifers.

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“…It has been shown to effectively neutralize rumen acidity and stabilize rumen pH (Thomas et al, 1984;Solorzano et al, 1989) and to improve the efficiency of fiber digestion, microbial protein synthesis (Rogers et al, 1982), and OM utilization (Mackie and White, 1990). It could furthermore increase milk fat content and feed intake (Enemark, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of buffering dairy cow diets with limestone, calcareous marine algae, or sodium bicarbonate on ruminal pH profiles, production responses, and rumen fermentation

Cruywagen

Taylor

Beya

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Six ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of 2 dietary buffers on rumen pH, milk production, milk composition, and rumen fermentation parameters. A high concentrate total mixed ration [35.2% forage dry matter (DM)], formulated to be potentially acidotic, was used to construct 3 dietary treatments in which calcareous marine algae (calcified remains of the seaweed Lithothamnium calcareum) was compared with limestone (control) and sodium bicarbonate plus limestone. One basal diet was formulated and the treatment diets contained either 0.4% of dietary DM as Acid Buf, a calcified marine algae product (AB treatment), or 0.8% of dietary DM as sodium bicarbonate and 0.37% as limestone (BC treatment), or 0.35% of dietary DM as limestone [control (CON) treatment]. Cows were randomly allocated to treatments according to a double 3×3 Latin square design, with 3 treatments and 3 periods. The total experimental period was 66 d during which each cow received each treatment for a period of 15 d before the data collection period of 7 d. Rumen fluid was collected to determine volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, and ammonia concentrations. Rumen pH was monitored every 10min for 2 consecutive days using a portable data logging system fitted with in-dwelling electrodes. Milk samples were analyzed for solid and mineral contents. The effect of treatment on acidity was clearly visible, especially from the period from midday to midnight when rumen pH dropped below 5.5 for a longer period of time (13 h) in the CON treatment than in the BC (8.7 h) and AB (4 h) treatments. Daily milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, and energy-corrected milk yields differed among treatments, with AB being the highest, followed by BC and CON. Both buffers increased milk fat content. Treatment had no effect on milk protein content, but protein yield was increased in the AB treatment. Total rumen volatile fatty acids and acetate concentrations were higher and propionate was lower in the AB treatment than in CON. The molar proportion of acetate was higher in AB than in CON, but that of propionate was lower in both buffer treatments than in CON. The acetate:propionate ratio was increased in the AB and BC treatments compared with CON. Lactic acid concentration was higher in the CON treatment than in the buffer treatments. Treatment had no effect on rumen ammonia concentrations. Results indicated that buffer inclusion in high concentrate diets for lactating dairy cows had a positive effect on milk production and milk composition. Calcareous marine algae, at a level of 90 g/cow per day, had a greater effect on rumen pH, milk production and milk composition, and efficiency of feed conversion into milk than sodium bicarbonate at a level of 180 g/cow per day.

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Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate or Sodium Sesquicarbonate on Lactating Holsteins Fed a High Grain Diet

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Use of sodium bicarbonate, offered free choice or blended into the ration, to reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis in cattle

Use of sodium bicarbonate, offered free choice or blended into the ration, to reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis in cattle

Effects of feed additives on rumen and blood profiles during a starch and fructose challenge

The effect of buffering dairy cow diets with limestone, calcareous marine algae, or sodium bicarbonate on ruminal pH profiles, production responses, and rumen fermentation

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