Effects of smoking on tooth loss among individuals under periodontal maintenance therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Vieira, Thaís Ribeiral; Martins, Carolina Castro; Cyrino, Renata Magalhães; Azevedo, Andréa Mara Oliveira; Cota, Luís Otávio Miranda; Costa, Fernando Oliveira

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00024918

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Thus, in general, the majority of evidence indicates that smokers are at increased risk for the presence of unresponsive periodontal pockets and further periodontal breakdown during PMT. In several studies, two‐ to seven‐fold higher risk for RP were reported in CS when compared with FS and NS …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is in agreement with a systematic review from a Brazilian research group that assessed smoking habits influencing tooth loss during long‐term PMT. Authors demonstrated that smoking was markedly associated with tooth loss . Paradoxically, the signs and symptoms of gingival inflammation are less pronounced in CS than in NS .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent systematic review was conducted to evaluate and analyze the isolated effect of smoking on tooth loss among individuals undergoing PMT. The quality of the scientific evidence moderately supported that smokers undergoing PMT had a greater chance of tooth loss than NS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of the scientific evidence moderately supported that smokers undergoing PMT had a greater chance of tooth loss than NS. However, authors emphasized the existence of few prospective and intervention studies, the short follow‐up periods, as well as the high clinical and methodological heterogeneity among the studies …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,[5][6][7][8][9]12,[18][19][20] However, there is a scarcity of published prospective studies addressing the direct influence of cumulative smoking exposure and smoking cessation and its contribution to the recurrence of periodontitis (RP) among periodontally susceptible individuals. 2,4,19,20 A recent systematic review 21 was conducted to evaluate and analyze the isolated effect of smoking on tooth loss among individuals undergoing PMT. The quality of the scientific evidence moderately supported that smokers undergoing PMT had a greater chance of tooth loss than NS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cumulative smoking exposure and cessation associated with the recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6‐year follow‐up

Costa

Cota

2019

Journal of Periodontology

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Background This study followed individuals in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) over 6 years and longitudinally evaluated the effects of cumulative smoking exposure and duration of smoking cessation on the recurrence of periodontitis. Methods From a 6‐year follow‐up cohort study with 212 individuals in PMT, 142 patients who attended at least one PMT visit within 12 months were determined to be elegible. According to smoking habits they were categorized into three groups: non‐smokers (NS; n = 95), former smokers (FS; n = 22), and current smokers (CS; n = 25). Complete periodontal examination and smoking habits were evaluated at two instances: T1 (first time, after active periodontal therapy) and T2 (second time, 6 years). Associations between the recurrence of periodontitis (RP; probing depth ≥4 mm and clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm, together with the presence of bleeding on probing and/or suppuration), smoking status, and potential risk variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis, when appropriate. Results The RP in NS, FS, and CS groups was 44.2%, 68.2%, and 80.0%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the RP in T2 was 2.80 (2.11 to 5.14) for FS and 5.97 (3.58 to 9.88) for CS. There was a significant dose‐response relationship between pack‐years of smoking and the RP, as well as a significant decrease in the risk for the RP as the years of smoking cessation increased. Conclusion During 6 years of PMT, cumulative smoking exposure and shorter time since smoking cessation were significantly associated with the RP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cumulative smoking exposure and cessation associated with the recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6‐year follow‐up

Costa

Cota

2019

Journal of Periodontology

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Oral health-related quality of life and patient-reported outcome measures after 10 years of supportive periodontal care

et al. 2023

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Objective The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (oHRQoL) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after 10 years of supportive periodontal care (SPC). Material and methods Patients were re-examined 120±12 months after active periodontal therapy. Dental and periodontal status and oHRQoL by completing Oral Health Impact Profile-G49 (OHIP-G49) and PROMs by marking a visual analogue scale (VAS) for self-perceived esthetics (VASe), chewing function (VASc), and hygiene ability (VASh) were assessed. Patient- and tooth-related factors (age, insurance status, number of SPC, compliance, change of therapist, smoking, tooth loss, need for surgery or antibiotic intake, bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal inflamed surface area) influencing oHRQoL and PROMs were evaluated. Results One hundred eight periodontally compromised patients (59 female, mean age 65.4±10.7 years) lost 135 teeth during 10 years of SPC. At re-examination, 1.8% of all sites showed PPD ≥6mm. The mean OHIP-G49 sum score was 17.6±18.5, and VAS resulted in 76.0±22.5 (VASe), 86.3±16.3 (VASc), and 79.8±15.8 (VASh). Linear regression analyses identified a positive correlation with oHRQoL and/or PROMs for private insurance status (OHIP-G49, p=0.015, R2=0.204; VASc, p=0.005, R2=0.084; VASh, p=0.012, R2=0.222) and compliance to SPC (VASe, p=0.032; R2=0.204), as well as a negative correlation for active smoking (VASc, p=0.012, R2=0.084), increased BOP (VASh, p=0.029, R2=0.222) at the start of SPC, and number of lost molars (VASh, p=0.008, R2=0.222). Conclusion It is realistic to obtain satisfactory oHRQoL and PROM values in most of the patients after 10 years of SPC. The identified factors may help to predict patient satisfaction in the long-term course of therapy. Clinical relevance Systematic therapy of periodontally compromised patients provides values for oHRQoL and PROMs in a favorable range 10 years after therapy. This should encourage dentists to implement SPC in their daily routine. Clinical trial number NCT03048045

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Systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between cluster of health-related behaviors and tooth loss among adults

Alobaidi,

Heidari,

Sabbah

2024

AOS

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Objectives: To systematically review longitudinal studies on the association between cluster of/multiple health-related behaviors and tooth loss among adults. Materials and methods: Inclusion criteria were prospective and retrospective longitudinal studies; adults; multiple or cluster of behaviors; tooth loss, one or more tooth lost and complete tooth loss. Exclusion criteria were intervention studies; cross-sectional studies; case-control studies; children under 18 years-old; single behavior. Two reviewers searched three databases up to April 2023. Open Grey and Google Scholar were searched for grey literature. Results: Twelve longitudinal studies were included in this review. Nine studies had good quality, two had poor quality, and one had fair quality according to New-Castle-Ottawa Scale. According to ROBINS-E tool, nine studies were judged as moderate risk of bias while two studies were at low risk of bias and one study had serious risk of bias. One study assessed cluster of behavior, while others examined a number of separate health-related behaviors in relation to tooth loss. Meta-analysis was not feasible because of the high heterogeneity in exposure, measure of outcomes, covariates, sample size, and follow-up time. The research found an association between tooth loss and oral hygiene practices (two studies), dental attendance (four studies), smoking (six studies), and alcohol consumption (three studies). Conclusion: This review provides evidence of a longitudinal association between cluster of/multiple health related-behaviors and tooth loss.

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Effects of smoking on tooth loss among individuals under periodontal maintenance therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Cumulative smoking exposure and cessation associated with the recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6‐year follow‐up

Cumulative smoking exposure and cessation associated with the recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6‐year follow‐up

Oral health-related quality of life and patient-reported outcome measures after 10 years of supportive periodontal care

Systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between cluster of health-related behaviors and tooth loss among adults

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