Effects of slip severity on muscle activation of the trailing leg during an unexpected slip

O’Connell, Caitlin; Chambers, April J.; Mahboobin, Arash

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.02.007

Cited by 19 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, we did not observe any significant changes in gait kinetics across normal gait trials, to suggest any gait alterations. Further, the methods employed have been used previously by our lab (Chander et al, 2015a(Chander et al, , 2015b, and others Chambers & Cham, 2007;Merrill, Chambers, & Cham, 2017;O'Connell et al, 2016). While there are various strategies for slip recovery, our findings suggest that the primary recovery mechanism at the slipping hip may play a vital role in preventing the fall.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Our findings at the ankle may even be representative of this hip response as well. While previous research has suggested that the ankle joint is relatively passive during the recovery response Chambers & Cham, 2007;O'Connell, Chambers, Mahboobin, & Cham, 2016), it does appear important to maintain the center of pressure near the slipping heel in order to prolong weight transfer to this lead limb. We pose that our findings represent an inadequate primary response in the fallers, resulting in a prolonged time to peak ankle dorsiflexion moment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Differences in Falls and Recovery from a Slip Based on an Individual’s Lower Extremity Corrective Response

Wilson

Donahue

Williams

et al. 2019

IJKSS

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Background: Slips and falls account for high rates of injury and mortality in multiple populations. The corrective responses during the slip perturbation have been well documented. However, when a fall results from a slip, it is unclear which of these responses were inadequate. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in lower extremity corrective responses of the slip recovery response between individuals who fall and those who recover. Methodology: Sixty-four participants completed this study (32 males & 32 females). Participant’s gait kinematics and kinetics were collected during normal gait (NG) and an unexpected slip (US). A prediction equation for slip outcome and slip severity were created using a binary logistic regression model. Results: Our findings show an increased time to peak hip extension (OR = 1.006, CI: 1.000-1.011) and ankle dorsiflexion (OR = 1.005, CI: 1.001-1.009) moments increased the odds of falling, while the average ankle moment was negatively associated with falling (OR = 0.001, CI: 0.001-0.005). Conclusions: Rapid lower extremity corrective responses appear critical in arresting the slip and preventing a fall. While there are various strategies for slip recovery, our findings suggest that the primary recovery mechanism at the slipping hip may play a vital role in preventing the fall.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Differences in Falls and Recovery from a Slip Based on an Individual’s Lower Extremity Corrective Response

Wilson

Donahue

Williams

et al. 2019

IJKSS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…EMG onset latencies and peak activity were calculated from full-wave rectified, low-pass filtered (50 Hz) EMG signals (Chambers and Cham 2007). Onset latency was identified as the time between slip onset and the end of a recovery or fall when the slip EMG signal exceeded 2 standard deviations (SDs) of the ensemble average of the nonslip walking signal for a minimum of 30 ms (Marigold et al 2003;O'Connell et al 2016). EMG peak activity during slip trials was identified as the local maximum of the slip EMG signal normalized to the maximum activation during nonslip walking trials between slip onset and fall or recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular responses differ between slip-induced falls and recoveries in older adults

Sawers

Pai

Bhatt

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurophysiology

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A central question relevant to the prevention of falls is: How does the robust control of walking and balance break down during a fall? Previous work has focused on muscle coordination during successful balance recoveries or the kinematics and kinetics of falls. Here, for the first time, we identified differences in the spatial and temporal coordination of muscles among older adults who fell and those who recovered from an unexpected slip.

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“…Because the same testing procedures were used for each trial, the subject was not aware of the location or timing of the unexpected slip trial, thus minimizing potential anticipation effects. For more details related to the experimental research, the reader is referred to prior research by the study team (Beschorner and Cham, 2008; Cham and Redfern, 2001; Cham and Redfern, 2002; Chambers and Cham, 2007; Chambers et al, 2013; Chambers et al, 2014; Moyer et al, 2006; Moyer et al, 2009; O’Connell et al, 2016). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arm reactions in response to an unexpected slip—Impact of aging

Merrill

Chambers

Cham

2017

Journal of Biomechanics

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Slips and falls represent a serious public safety concern in older adults, with the segment of the United States population over the age of 65 accounting for about three quarters of all fall related deaths. The majority of falls in older adults are due to trips and slips. The objective of this study was to investigate how age affects arm reactions generated in response to unexpected slips. Thirty-three participants divided into two age groups (16 young, 17 old) participated in this study. Participants were exposed to two conditions: known dry walking (baseline) and an unexpected slip initiated when stepping onto a glycerol-contaminated floor. The upper extremity parameters of interest included the timing and amplitude of the shoulder flexion moment generated in response to the slip as well as the resulting angular kinematics (trajectories). The analysis of the kinetic data revealed a delayed shoulder flexion reaction to slips in older adults compared to their young counterparts, as well as a greater flexion moment magnitude. Knowledge of such upper body reaction mechanisms to unexpected slips may help to improve balance recovery training in older adults, as well as aid in the implementation of environmental modifications, e.g. handrails, to reduce falls-related injuries.

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Effects of slip severity on muscle activation of the trailing leg during an unexpected slip

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Differences in Falls and Recovery from a Slip Based on an Individual’s Lower Extremity Corrective Response

Differences in Falls and Recovery from a Slip Based on an Individual’s Lower Extremity Corrective Response

Neuromuscular responses differ between slip-induced falls and recoveries in older adults

Arm reactions in response to an unexpected slip—Impact of aging

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