Arm reactions in response to an unexpected slip—Impact of aging

Merrill, Zachary; Chambers, April J.; Cham, Rakié

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.04.011

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, we did not observe any significant changes in gait kinetics across normal gait trials, to suggest any gait alterations. Further, the methods employed have been used previously by our lab (Chander et al, 2015a(Chander et al, , 2015b, and others Chambers & Cham, 2007;Merrill, Chambers, & Cham, 2017;O'Connell et al, 2016). While there are various strategies for slip recovery, our findings suggest that the primary recovery mechanism at the slipping hip may play a vital role in preventing the fall.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Differences in Falls and Recovery from a Slip Based on an Individual’s Lower Extremity Corrective Response

Wilson

Donahue

Williams

et al. 2019

IJKSS

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Background: Slips and falls account for high rates of injury and mortality in multiple populations. The corrective responses during the slip perturbation have been well documented. However, when a fall results from a slip, it is unclear which of these responses were inadequate. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in lower extremity corrective responses of the slip recovery response between individuals who fall and those who recover. Methodology: Sixty-four participants completed this study (32 males & 32 females). Participant’s gait kinematics and kinetics were collected during normal gait (NG) and an unexpected slip (US). A prediction equation for slip outcome and slip severity were created using a binary logistic regression model. Results: Our findings show an increased time to peak hip extension (OR = 1.006, CI: 1.000-1.011) and ankle dorsiflexion (OR = 1.005, CI: 1.001-1.009) moments increased the odds of falling, while the average ankle moment was negatively associated with falling (OR = 0.001, CI: 0.001-0.005). Conclusions: Rapid lower extremity corrective responses appear critical in arresting the slip and preventing a fall. While there are various strategies for slip recovery, our findings suggest that the primary recovery mechanism at the slipping hip may play a vital role in preventing the fall.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Differences in Falls and Recovery from a Slip Based on an Individual’s Lower Extremity Corrective Response

Wilson

Donahue

Williams

et al. 2019

IJKSS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, there were no discrepancies detected between the upper body kinematics for different severities. This indicates that the upper extremity kinematics and control during normal walking and early slipping (up to 30% of the cycle) has little to no significant effect on the slip severity outcome, although aging has shown to be an important factor in the arm reaction and slip outcome [45]. Nonetheless, considering our theory of importance of H, we suspect the rapid, countermovement of the hands to be a measure to lower whole-body angular momentum.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 82%

Angular momentum regulation may dictate the slip severity in young adults

2020

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Falls cause negative impacts on society and the economy. Slipping is a common initiating event for falling. Yet, individuals differ in their ability to recover from slips. Persons experiencing mild slips can accommodate the perturbation without falling, whereas severe slipping is associated with inadequate or slow pre-or post-slip control that make these individuals more prone to fall. Knowing the discrepancies between mild and severe slippers in kinematic and kinetic variables improves understanding of adverse control responsible for severe slipping. This study examined differences across these participants with respect to center of mass (COM) height, sagittal angular momentum (H), upper body kinematics, and the duration of single/double phase. Possible causality of such relationships was also studied by observing the time-lead of the deviations. Twenty healthy young adults performed walking trials in dry and slippery conditions. They were classified into mild and severe slippers based on their heel slipping speed. No inter-group differences were observed in the upper extremity kinematics. It was found that mild and severe slippers do not differ in the studied variables during normal gait; however, they do show significant differences through slipping. Compared to mild slippers, sever slippers lowered their COM height following a slip, presented higher H, and shortened their single support phase (p-value<0.05 for all). Based on the time-lead observed in H over all other variables suggests that failure to control angular momentum may influence slip severity.

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“…Recovering from gait perturbations, on the other hand, targets fundamentally different stability components. Therefore, it has emerged over the last few decades as a method to quantify gait stability in research, but not yet in clinical practice [ 5 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait stability in response to platform, belt, and sensory perturbations in young and older adults

Roeles

Rowe

Bruijn

et al. 2018

Med Biol Eng Comput

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Perturbation-based gait assessment has been used to quantify gait stability in older adults. However, knowledge on which perturbation type is most suitable to identify poor gait stability is lacking. We evaluated the effects of ipsi- and contra-lateral sway, belt acceleration and deceleration, and visual and auditory perturbations on medio-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) margins of stability (MoS) in young and older adults. We aimed to evaluate (1) which perturbation type disturbed the gait pattern substantially, (2) how participants recovered, and (3) whether recovery responses could discriminate between young and older adults. Nine young (25.1 ± 3.4 years) and nine older (70.1 ± 7.6 years) adults walked on the CAREN Extended (Motek BV, The Netherlands). The perturbation effect was quantified by deviation in MoS over six post-perturbation steps compared to baseline walking. Contra-lateral sway and deceleration perturbations resulted in the largest ML (1.9–4 times larger than other types) and AP (1.6–5.6 times larger than other types) perturbation effects, respectively. After both perturbation types, participants increased MoS by taking wider, shorter, and faster steps. No differences between young and older adults were found. We suggest to evaluate the potential of using contra-lateral sway and deceleration perturbations for fall risk identification by including both healthy and frail older adults. Graphical abstractMargins of stability during steady state (left) and perturbed (right) gait to quantify reactive gait stability in response to various perturbation types in young and older adults. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11517-018-1855-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Arm reactions in response to an unexpected slip—Impact of aging

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Differences in Falls and Recovery from a Slip Based on an Individual’s Lower Extremity Corrective Response

Differences in Falls and Recovery from a Slip Based on an Individual’s Lower Extremity Corrective Response

Angular momentum regulation may dictate the slip severity in young adults

Gait stability in response to platform, belt, and sensory perturbations in young and older adults

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