Effects of sleep deprivation on impulsive behaviors in men and women

Acheson, Ashley; Richards, Jerry B.; Wit, Harriet de

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.03.020

Cited by 167 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The authors suppose that although they are instructed to respond instantly, the women do not do so until they are certain that the reaction is correct. Such explanation is confirmed by the data indicating that women are more cautious and take fewer risky decisions after sleep deprivation [144], even though the assessment of impulsiveness did not show any differences between genders.…”

Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Sleep Restrictionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Orzeł-Gryglewska¹

2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

211

133

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This paper presents the history of research and the results of recent studies on the effects of sleep deprivation in animals and humans. Humans can bear several days of continuous sleeplessness, experiencing deterioration in wellbeing and effectiveness; however, also a shorter reduction in the sleep time may lead to deteriorated functioning. Sleeplessness accounts for impaired perception, difficulties in keeping concentration, vision disturbances, slower reactions, as well as the appearance of microepisodes of sleep during wakefulness which lead to lower capabilities and efficiency of task performance and to increased number of errors. Sleep deprivation results in poor memorizing, schematic thinking, which yields wrong decisions, and emotional disturbances such as deteriorated interpersonal responses and increased aggressiveness. The symptoms are accompanied by brain tissue hypometabolism, particularly in the thalamus, prefrontal, frontal and occipital cortex and motor speech centres. Sleep deficiency intensifies muscle tonus and coexisting tremor, speech performance becomes monotonous and unclear, and sensitivity to pain is higher. Sleeplessness also relates to the changes in the immune response and the pattern of hormonal secretion, of the growth hormone in particular. The risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease increases. The impairment of performance which is caused by 20-25 hours of sleeplessness is comparable to that after ethanol intoxication at the level of 0.10% blood alcohol concentration. The consequences of chronic sleep reduction or a shallow sleep repeated for several days tend to accumulate and resemble the effects of acute sleep deprivation lasting several dozen hours. At work, such effects hinder proper performance of many essential tasks and in extreme situations (machine operation or vehicle driving), sleep loss may be hazardous to the worker and his/her environment.

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Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Sleep Restrictionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Orzeł-Gryglewska¹

2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

211

133

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“…Compared to the go/no go based reversal learning decision task used in the current study, the burden on learning initial contingencies and on using feedback to acquire new contingencies is much lower in the traditional go/no go tasks, and sleep deprivation has more modest and inconsistent effects on performance. 38,39 The WM scanning task provided an assessment of subjects' ability to encode and maintain information in the focus of attention. Both well-rested and sleep deprived subjects showed the expected serial position effect on the WM scanning task, i.e., higher accuracy and faster responses for more recent items in the memory set and a progressive decline in accuracy and response speed for more temporally remote items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback Blunting: Total Sleep Deprivation Impairs Decision Making that Requires Updating Based on Feedback

Whitney

Hinson

Jackson

et al. 2015

Sleep

100

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745Sleep Deprivation and Decision Making-Whitney et al. INTRODUCTIONThe effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance is not uniform. 1 In laboratory studies, sleep deprivation has consistently been shown to substantially degrade vigilance and sustained attention, whereas its effects on demanding tests of complex cognition such as decision making appear to be inconsistent and relatively small. 2,3 Paradoxically, in the natural environment there are well-documented deficits in decision making due to sleep deprivation. 4,5 In emergency response, disaster management, military encounters, and other fast-paced situations with uncertain outcomes and imperfect information, good decision making is significantly hampered by sleep deprivation. 6-8Although the lapses of sustained attention that are characteristic of sleep deprivation contribute to errors and accidents, 3,8 attentional lapses are not the whole story of sleep deprivation effects on naturalistic decision making. The laboratory tasks often used to examine sleep deprivation effects on decisions typically do not include elements of updating information over Study Objectives: To better understand the sometimes catastrophic effects of sleep loss on naturalistic decision making, we investigated effects of sleep deprivation on decision making in a reversal learning paradigm requiring acquisition and updating of information based on outcome feedback. Design: Subjects were randomized to a sleep deprivation or control condition, with performance testing at baseline, after 2 nights of total sleep deprivation (or rested control), and following 2 nights of recovery sleep. Subjects performed a decision task involving initial learning of go and no go response sets followed by unannounced reversal of contingencies, requiring use of outcome feedback for decisions. A working memory scanning task and psychomotor vigilance test were also administered. Setting: Six consecutive days and nights in a controlled laboratory environment with continuous behavioral monitoring. Subjects: Twenty-six subjects (22-40 y of age; 10 women). Interventions: Thirteen subjects were randomized to a 62-h total sleep deprivation condition; the others were controls. Results: Unlike controls, sleep deprived subjects had difficulty with initial learning of go and no go stimuli sets and had profound impairment adapting to reversal. Skin conductance responses to outcome feedback were diminished, indicating blunted affective reactions to feedback accompanying sleep deprivation. Working memory scanning performance was not significantly affected by sleep deprivation. And although sleep deprived subjects showed expected attentional lapses, these could not account for impairments in reversal learning decision making. Conclusions: Sleep deprivation is particularly problematic for decision making involving uncertainty and unexpected change. Blunted reactions to feedback while sleep deprived underlie failures to adapt to uncertainty and changing contingencies. Thus, an error may register, but with diminishe...

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“…The ESS is an 8-item questionnaire where each question is answered on a scale of 0 (would never dose) to 3 (high chance of dosing), yielding a total between 0 (minimum) and 24 (maximum sleepiness) which is then classified into three groups: minimum (0-8), moderate (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), and high risk (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Bus Drivers’ Sleep Problems and Crash Accidents

Razmpa

Niat

Saedi

2011

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Sleep problems and their direct consequence, sleepiness, results in critical effects on psychomotor skills, memory, decision making, concentration and learning; all of which may play roles in accidents and errors. Despite the importance of quality of sleep among drivers there are only few researches that deal with them. Therefore, we designed this research to better understand possible relationships. This cross-sectional study was performed between 2006 and 2007 among 175 bus drivers of a transportation company in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Participants filled out a questionnaire concerning their demographic and personal history, associated disease, the insomnia index, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and the apnea index. Then they elaborated their history of crashes. Data was analyzed with the SPSS software through v 2 , Oneway ANOVAs, and Pearson correlation tests. The mean age, and body mass index (BMI) were 43.47 ± 6.85 years and 26.35 ± 3.87 kg/m 2 . The mean duration of sleep among these drivers was 6.37 ± 1.62 h per day. The mean accident rate was 2.31 ± 1.83 per year. There was a significant correlation between the insomnia index and BMI (P = 0.014), age (0.00), marital status (0.00), associated disease (0.005), and drug history (0.028). There was a significant relationship between marital status and the ESS, and also between age and accident rate in the past years. Sleep problems were a frequent finding among the studied group and had a significant relationship with their crash history. These results can be an alarming sign to choose bus drivers more carefully and pay more attention to treating their sleep disorders.

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Effects of sleep deprivation on impulsive behaviors in men and women

Cited by 167 publications

References 41 publications

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Feedback Blunting: Total Sleep Deprivation Impairs Decision Making that Requires Updating Based on Feedback

Urban Bus Drivers’ Sleep Problems and Crash Accidents

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