Effects of skin storage conditions and concentration of applied dose on [3H]T-2 toxin penetration through excised human and monkey skin

Kemppainen, Barbara W.; Riley, Ronald T.; Pace, J.; Hoerr, Frederic J.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(86)90232-2

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Thus, the penetration characteristics of caffeine evaluated with a traditional in vitro method and the structural changes in the upper and deeper regions of the epidermis demonstrated using imaging techniques both indicate that storage of human skin at -80 ° C induces structural changes that will affect penetration of chemicals through the skin. This is in agreement with two previous in vitro studies on percutaneous penetration of T-2 toxin through human and monkey skin stored at -60 ° C [37] and of N,N-dietyl-m -toluamide through pig skin stored at -80 ° C [38] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Storage Conditions of Skin Affect Tissue Structure and Subsequent in vitro Percutaneous Penetration

Nielsen

Plasencia²,

Sørensen

et al. 2010

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Storage of skin at low temperatures may affect its structure. There is no report in the literature on the correlation between spatially resolved skin structure and percutaneous penetration after different storage conditions. The present study applies imaging techniques (multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy) and in vitro percutaneous penetration of caffeine under four different storage conditions using skin samples from the same donors: fresh skin, skin kept at –20°C for 3 weeks (with or without the use of polyethylene glycol) and at –80°C. Our results show a correlation between increasing permeation of caffeine and tissue structural damage caused by the storage conditions, most so after skin storage at –80°C. The presented approach, which combines imaging techniques with studies on percutaneous penetration, enables the link between tissue damage at selected depths and penetration into the upper layers of the epidermis to be investigated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Storage Conditions of Skin Affect Tissue Structure and Subsequent in vitro Percutaneous Penetration

Nielsen

Plasencia²,

Sørensen

et al. 2010

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…In principle, a toxic effect from dermal exposure to mycotoxins in the workplace has to be taken into account. Kemppainen et al (45) were able to show that T-2 toxin is absorbed by the human skin. However, studies in mice showed that the acute toxicity after skin exposure was considerably lower than after inhalation of T-2 as aerosol (46).…”

Section: Intoxications/case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The significance of mycotoxins in the framework of assessing workplace related risks

et al. 2008

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Mycotoxins are fungal metabolite which may in some cases exhibit a high health hazard potential. Mycotoxins can show carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic, teratogenic or immunotoxic effects. Mycotoxin exposure in the workplace may occur through inhalation and skin contact,e.g. during occupational handling of organic matter such as livestock feed, food products, or waste. Various studies suggest that both acute and chronic effects can occur, depending at least on the exposure level. The magnitude of the potential health risks associated with a respiratory or dermal intake of mycotoxins has largely remained unclear to date. However, according to the directive 2000/54/EC on biological agents and the corresponding German Biological Agents Ordinance, employers are also required to consider the potential hazards posed by toxic effects of biological agents when assessing workplace risks. The aim of this article, therefore, is to present some basis information that should facilitate an evaluation of the significance of mycotoxins in the context of assessing workplace risks. It also provides suggestions for occupational health and safety measures.

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“…Permeability analyses have been performed on different animals' frozen skin, such as pig [13][14][15], rat [16][17][18] mouse [19], cattle [20], monkey [21], and dog [22]. In most of the cases, analyses showed an augmentation of the flux.…”

Section: Volume 1 Issue 2 -2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these analyses cannot be conclusive for human skin as it differs too greatly from animal skin. Consequently, other experiments have also been performed on frozen human skin using various penetration agents such as water [24,25], chromone acid [26], m-DEET [27], organic solvents [28,29], and T-2 toxin [21]. While the ones using water or organic solvents showed no impact, the others showed flux variation: freezing increased penetration of chromone acid and T-2 toxin, but decreased permeability of m-DEET.…”

Section: Volume 1 Issue 2 -2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Freezing on Functionality and Physicochemical Properties of A 3D-Human Skin Model

Pouliot¹,

Angers²,

Dubois-Declercq³

et al. 2017

JDC

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Short AbstractThree-dimensional skin substitutes reconstructed by tissue engineering have strong potential to emulate skin conditions in vivo, although their production necessitates a relatively long period of time. Storage of cryopreserved substitutes among time, using some kind of banking system, would be a conceivable solution to make their utilization more appealing for dermopharmaceutical testing. This study evaluated the effects of freezing at -20 °C over a period of 2 months on the structural and physicochemical properties of skin substitutes produced by tissue engineering. IntroductionLocated at the interface between the human body and the exterior environment, skin is the first line of defense against pathogens, chemicals, and harmful mechanical stimuli [1]. Due to its large surface area and its structural and functional complexity, regenerating a complete human skin represents a big challenge. Over the past years, different human skin substitute models have evolved in order to treat victims of severe burns and chronic cutaneous wounds [2]. Skin substitutes are useful in both applied and fundamental fields of research. They can be grafted as skin replacement in clinical applications or used for various types of skin tests, such as dermopharmacology and toxicology studies [2,3]. Skin substitutes properties must be as close as possible to those of normal skin [4].Over the past decade or so, the use of animals in fundamental and applied research has been subject to social debates, and this has led to the creation of more restrictive legislations, such as the addition of the Seventh Amendment to the European Union's Cosmetic Directive [4]. Utilization of skin substitutes to perform tests allowed for the elimination, or at least reduction, of controversial animal testing. Moreover, as animal skin differs in many ways to human skin, well representative skin substitutes could improve the validity of performed tests [5]. In order to increase efficiency, rapid access to skin substitutes is critical. Therefore, optimized storage methods are needed [6].Cryopreservation is an approach that has been under much investigation recently. The impact of various freezing conditions has been tested on animal and human skins. Among all tests performed, permeability analysis is one of the most commonly used in the literature. This test is based on the fact that skin, despite its crucial involvement as a barrier against exogenous material, remains permeable to most substances. AbstractBackground: Three-dimensional skin substitutes reconstructed by tissue engineering have strong potential to emulate skin conditions in vivo, although their production necessitates a relatively long period of time. Storage of cryopreserved substitutes among time, using some kind of banking system, would be a conceivable solution to make their utilization more appealing for dermo pharmaceutical testing. This study evaluated the effects of freezing at -20 °C over a period of 2 months on the structural and physicochemical properties of skin substitu...

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Effects of skin storage conditions and concentration of applied dose on [3H]T-2 toxin penetration through excised human and monkey skin

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Storage Conditions of Skin Affect Tissue Structure and Subsequent in vitro Percutaneous Penetration

Storage Conditions of Skin Affect Tissue Structure and Subsequent in vitro Percutaneous Penetration

The significance of mycotoxins in the framework of assessing workplace related risks

Effects of Freezing on Functionality and Physicochemical Properties of A 3D-Human Skin Model

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