Effects of simulated saliva‐gastrointestinal digestion on the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides

Abstract

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simulated saliva‐gastric digestion (SGID) on the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides (SGPs). The results revealed that the digestibility (bioavailability) of SGPs was approximately 16.81%, 43.86%, and 52.38% after saliva digestion (SD), saliva‐gastric digestion (SGD), and SGID, respectively. SGID significantly altered the physicochemical properties of SGPs, such as total polysaccharide content (from 88.25% to 69.26%) and molecular weight (from 23.00 to 7.82). The structure of SGPs was significantly altered after digestion. In addition, SGID affected the biological activity of SGPs. after SGID, SGPs still had strong antioxidant activity, as well as α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase inhibition, and cellular hypoglycemic activity. However, the ability to bind bile acids and cholesterol in vitro was not affected. In conclusion, these results could provide a theoretical basis for investigating the mechanism of action of SGPs during digestion in vivo.

Siraitia grosvenorii As a Homologue of Food and Medicine: A Review of Biological Activity, Mechanisms of Action, Synthetic Biology, and Applications in Future Food

“…SGP-1-1 (200 mg·kg –1 ·d –1 ) was observed to inhibit the TLR4-NF-κB pathway and modulate inflammation, enhancing SOD production and reducing cytokine and MDA levels. The hypoglycemic activity of SGP was evaluated through various models, supporting in vivo bioavailability investigations. ,,,− Pregnancy is associated with a risk of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia . About 10% of pregnant women may develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with 3–5% experiencing postpregnancy diabetes .…”

“…The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994, published by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), defines a dietary supplement as a product designed to augment the diet, potentially including a range of ingredients such as food extracts, concentrates, metabolites, or combinations − is known for its sweet flavor and low-calorie profile . It exhibits several health benefits like anti-inflammatory properties, lung purification, phlegm removal, liver and intestinal function regulation, blood sugar reduction, antiaging, and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. − The effectiveness of SG primarily stems from its rich composition of active elements, such as polysaccharides and sweet glycosides, making it an excellent candidate for dietary supplements.…”

“…Consequently, SG extract is a favorable choice for reducing sugar intake and managing diabetes or obesity, allowing the enjoyment of sweetness without health risks. SG also exhibits benefits as an antioxidant, , antiaging agent, hypoglycemic, ,,− obesity reducer, , lung disease improver (acute lung injury, pneumonia, allergic asthma), − neurodegenerative disease preventer, and antitumor agent . However, a systematic summary of their mechanisms of action, dose–effect relationships, and pharmacokinetic profiles is lacking.…”

Structural Characteristics, Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities of Polysaccharide from Siraitia grosvenorii

“…The extraction was carried out in hot water at 70 • C for 2.5 h at a liquid to the material ratio of 1:35 g/mL. Proteins were removed by the Sevag method [8]. The extracts were concentrated and precipitated in ethanol at 4 • C for 24 h. The precipitate was then centrifuged and re-solubilized with water.…”

“…Therefore, the development of a natural drug with fewer side effects has become a major point of current diabetes mellitus research [2]. In recent years, several plant polysaccharides have been shown to exhibit improved hypoglycemic activity and can improve insulin resistance (IR) with low toxicity and side effects [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”