“…20,21 Surfactants can promote 2-dimensional layer-by-layer growth, which has been shown to improve not only the surface quality, but also other material properties, of nitride thin lms. 27,28 A recent study has also demonstrated a ux-lm-coated method to grow high quality AlN thin lms using an Al-Sn ux, signifying This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2024 a benet of using low melting point elements or compounds for improving nitride thin lm growth. 29 However, the ux-lmcoated method showed no signicant concentration of Sn in the nal AlN lm which differs from the reactive sputtering method used in this work that shows Sn incorporated throughout the nitride lm.…”