Effects of short-term heated water-based exercise training on systemic blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension

Guimarães, Guilherme; Cruz, Lais G.B.; Tavares, Aline; Dórea, Egı́dio Lima; Fernandes-Silva, Miguel Morita; Bocchi, E A

doi:10.1097/mbc.0000000000000000

Cited by 10 publications

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“…‡ denotes significant difference from LEx and CON during the same period (P < 0.05). Recent studies have suggested that HEx may be a superior alternative to traditional LEx for hypertension management, due to the large ambulatory BP reductions found after both 2 wk (average 12/9 mmHg reduction in 24-h systolic/diastolic BP) [21] and 12 wk (average 24/12 mmHg reduction in 24-h systolic/diastolic BP) [22] of training in patients with resistant hypertension, which were greater than the reductions found after 8-12 wk of LEx (average 6/3 mmHg reduction in daytime systolic/diastolic BP only) [18]. Although a previous study by our group showed that HEx and LEx promoted similar reductions in ambulatory BP in heart transplant recipients [4], a recent study showed greater resting BP reductions after HEx than LEx in both treated and untreated older hypertensives [2].…”

Section: Hexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, HEx and LEx were performed at same relative intensity (between 11 and 13 on the 6-20 RPE scale) and regulated by an effective method for prescribing and regulating both exercise modalities in different populations [3,11]. The reduced HR during HEx, despite the similar relative exercise intensity, may be explained by water immersion, whereas hydrostatic pressure increases cardiac venous return and (consequently) stroke volume, which result in HR reduction to maitaining cardiac output by baroreceptor feedback mechanism [3,6,21]. Future studies are thus necessary to investigate the mechanisms involved in the HEx-induced postexercise hypotension found in the present study.…”

Section: Hexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, heated water-based exercise (HEx) has shown to promote important benefits for BP control in different populations [2,4,21,22]. For example, large BP reductions was found after 2 weeks (12/8 mmHg reduction in systolic/diastolic BP) [21] and 12 weeks (36/12 mmHg reduction in systolic/diastolic BP) [22] of HEx training in subjects with resistant hypertension, which were greater than the BP reductions found after a LEx training of similar dose (duration, volume, frequency and intensity) [18]. In addition, postexercise hypotension (PEH) following an acute bout of HEx was superior than LEx in normotensive and hypertensive, when resting BP was measured up to 90 min after the exercise session [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypotensive Effect of Heated Water-based Exercise in Older Individuals with Hypertension

et al. 2019

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Blood pressure (BP) and hemodynamic response to heated water-based (HEx) vs. land-based exercise (LEx) were assessed in 15 (6 men) older hypertensives (age 66.4±4.9 yr) under pharmacological treatment. Participants were randomly assigned to perform 30 min of moderate-intensity HEx (walking inside the pool), LEx (walking on a treadmill) and non-exercise control (CON) intervention. Resting BP, arterial stiffness, endothelial reactivity and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured before, immediately after, and 45 min after interventions. 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring was performed after interventions. Resting systolic (but not diastolic) BP reduced 9.9±3.1 mmHg (P<0.01) 45 min after HEx only. 24-h systolic and diastolic, daytime diastolic and nightime systolic BP were lower (P<0.05) after HEx than both LEx and CON. Daytime systolic BP was also lower (P<0.05) after HEx than CON. Nighttime diastolic was not different between interventions. HEx-induced ambulatory BP reduction ranged 4.5±1.3 mmHg (24-h diastolic BP) to 9.5±3.0 mmHg (nighttime systolic BP), and persisted for 18/11 h in systolic/diastolic BP, when compared with CON. No significant changes in arterial stiffness, endothelial reactivity and HRV were found during any intervention. These results suggest that HEx may have important implications for managing BP in older hypertensive under pharmacological treatment.

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Section: Hexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypotensive Effect of Heated Water-based Exercise in Older Individuals with Hypertension

et al. 2019

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“…walking, cycling, running and resistance exercise) is commonly recommended for hypertensive patients [9,11,13,14]. However, heated water-based exercise (HEx) has been shown to promote important cardiovascular and muscular benefits in different populations [15][16][17][18][19]. For example, substantial BP reduction was found after 2 weeks (nearly 12/8 mmHg reduction on systolic/diastolic BP) [17] and 12 weeks (nearly 36/12 mmHg reduction on systolic/diastolic BP) [18] of HEx training in subjects with resistant systemic arterial hypertension, which were greater than the BP reductions observed after a LEx training of similar dose (duration, volume, frequency and intensity) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…all interventions, and two reviews. Finally, 13 clinical trials assessing acute (BP response to a single HEx session) [19,21,23,[26][27][28] or chronic (BP response to a HEx training program) [17,18,[29][30][31][32][33] effect of HEx on BP were included in the present review (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heated water-based exercise on blood pressure: a systematic review

2018

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Introduction: Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors affecting several population. In this context, heated water-based exercise has emerged as a potential alternative to land- based physical exercise to reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. Objective: To systematically synthesize evidence for the lowering effects of heated water-based exercise on BP in a non-specific population. Methods: Scielo, Pubmed and Scopus electronic databases were searched for studies from 2005 to 2016, with the following descriptors in English: “blood pressure, exercise, immersion, blood pressure and hydrotherapy”. A total of 10,461 articles were found and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were selected and included in the final analysis. All included articles evaluated individuals from different populations and age groups, submitted to a heated water-based exercise session and/or program. Results: The results suggest that both an acute single session and chronic training period (12 to 24 weeks) of heated water-based exercise may reduce BP in different populations (normotensive, hypertensive, postmenopausal women, and heart transplant populations). The magnitude and duration of acute and chronic hypotensive effect of exercise ranged substantially, which was probably due to the variety of exercise frequency, duration and intensity, as well as due to the studied population. Conclusion: These results suggest that heated water-based exercise may promote acute and chronic hypotensive effects in different populations. However, there is no homogeneity in the protocols used, which may have led to the heterogeneity in magnitude and duration of BP reductions.

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Role of increasing the aerobic capacity on improving the function of immune and respiratory systems in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A review

Mohamed

Alawna

2020

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

105

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Background and aims: COVID-19 is a public world crisis, however, it is a self-limited infection. In COVID-19, the strength of immune and respiratory systems is a critical element. Thus, this review was conducted to demonstrate the short and long term effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on increasing the function and strength of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections and associated disorders. Methods: This review was carried out by searching in Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline databases. The search was conducted over clinical trials and literature and systematic reviews on the effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on the function and strength of specific immune and respiratory elements essential for overcoming COVID-19 infections. Results: This review found that increasing the aerobic capacity could produce short-term safe improvements in the function of immune and respiratory systems, particularly those specific for COVID-19 infections. This could be mainly produced through three mechanisms. Firstly, it could improve immunity by increasing the level and function of immune cells and immunoglobulins, regulating CRP levels, and decreasing anxiety and depression. Secondly, it could improve respiratory system functions by acting as an antibiotic, antioxidant, and antimycotic, restoring normal lung tissue elasticity and strength. Lastly, it could act as a protective barrier to decrease COVID-19 risk factors, which helps to decrease the incidence and progression of COVID-19. Conclusion: This review summarizes that increasing the aerobic capacity is recommended because it has potential of improving immune and respiratory functions which would help counter COVID-19.

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Effects of short-term heated water-based exercise training on systemic blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Hypotensive Effect of Heated Water-based Exercise in Older Individuals with Hypertension

Hypotensive Effect of Heated Water-based Exercise in Older Individuals with Hypertension

Effects of heated water-based exercise on blood pressure: a systematic review

Role of increasing the aerobic capacity on improving the function of immune and respiratory systems in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A review

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