Effects of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acids on survival of Oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs

Petkevičius, Saulius; Murrell, K. D.; Knudsen, Knud Erik Bach; Jørgensen, Henry; Roepstorff, Allan; Laue, A; Wachmann, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.03.008

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These changes of living conditions are likely to occur as the caecum and proximal colon are also the main sites for bacterial degradation of carbohydrates, yielding substances such as SCFA and lactic acids (Jensen and Jørgensen, 1994). O. dentatum has thus been shown to be almost eliminated from the intestinal tract after infusion of purified SCFA and LA directly into the caecum (Petkevičius et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, immature A. suum worm burdens have previously been reduced by 55% to 73% by crude chicory root (E14% fructans), dried chicory root (E16% fructans) or inulin (commercial purified fructans, E17% fructans) in pigs slaughtered 13 to 15 days after a single A. suum dose (Mejer, 2006). As suggested for the large intestinal parasites O. dentatum and T. suis (Petkevičius et al, 2004;Thomsen et al, 2005), A. suum may have been negatively affected by changes in the physico-chemical conditions (e.g. higher production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lower pH) in the caecum and proximal colon, as these sites are where the newly hatched larvae invade the mucosa before migrating through the liver and lungs and returning to the small intestine (Murrell et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of a diet with fructan-rich chicory roots on intestinal helminths and microbiota with special focus on Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter in piglets around weaning

Jensen

Mejer

Mølbak

et al. 2011

Animal

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The restrictions on the use of antibiotic and anthelmintic treatments in organic pig farming necessitate alternative non-medical control strategies. Therefore, the antibiotic and parasite-reducing effect of a fructan-rich (prebiotic) diet of dried chicory was investigated in free-ranging piglets. Approximately half of 67 piglets from nine litters were experimentally infected with Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis in the suckling period (1 to 7 weeks of age) and 58 of the piglets were challenged daily with Eschericia coli O138:F8 for 9 days after weaning to induce weaning diarrhoea. The litters were fed either chicory (30% dry matter) or a control diet. The effect of chicory on intestinal helminths, intestinal microbiota, especially Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter spp. and E. coli post-weaning diarrhoea was assessed. The weight gain of the piglets was not impaired significantly by chicory. The intestinal A. suum worm burden was reduced by 64% ( P 5 0.034) in the chicory-fed piglets, whereas these same piglets had 63% more T. suis worms ( P 5 0.016). Feeding with chicory elicited no changes among the main bacterial groups in ileum according to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. However, the terminal-restriction fragment (T-RF) 208 bp, which may belong to Lachnospiraceae, was stimulated by the chicory feed ( P 5 0.03), and T-RF 370 bp that matches Enterobacter belonging to the Enterobacteria was reduced (P 5 0.004). In addition, chicory increased the level of Bifidobacteria ( P 5 0.001) and the faecal Campylobacter excretion level was transitorily reduced in chicory-fed piglets at 7 weeks of age ( P 5 0.029). Unfortunately, it was not possible to assess the effect of chicory on post-weaning diarrhoea as it did not develop. In conclusion, feeding piglets chicory around the time of weaning caused complex changes of the microbiota and parasite communities within the intestinal tract, and feeding piglets chicory may therefore serve as an animal-friendly strategy to control pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a diet with fructan-rich chicory roots on intestinal helminths and microbiota with special focus on Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter in piglets around weaning

Jensen

Mejer

Mølbak

et al. 2011

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…short chain fatty acids), particularly in the caecum and colon as discussed by Petkevičius et al (1995). Mimicking this process, direct infusion of short chain fatty acids and lactic acid was thus found to eliminate 92% of established O. dentatum (Petkevičius et al, 2004).…”

Section: Effects Of Dietmentioning

confidence: 91%

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Roepstorff

Mejer

Nejsum

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

147

101

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a b s t r a c tHelminths in pigs have generally received little attention from veterinary parasitologists, despite Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and Oesophagostomum sp. being common worldwide. The present paper presents challenges and current research highlights connected with these parasites.In Danish swine herds, new indoor production systems may favour helminth transmission and growing knowledge on pasture survival and infectivity of A. suum and T. suis eggs indicates that they may constitute a serious threat to outdoor pig production. Furthermore, it is now evident that A. suum is zoonotic and the same may be true for T. suis. With these 'new' challenges and the economic impact of the infections, further research is warranted. Better understanding of host-parasite relationships and A. suum and T. suis egg ecology may also improve the understanding and control of human A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections.The population dynamics of the three parasites are well documented and may be used to study phenomena, such as predisposition and worm aggregation. Furthermore, better methods to recover larvae have provided tools for quantifying parasite transmission. Thus, an on-going study using helminth naïve tracer pigs has surprisingly demonstrated that soil infectivity with A. suum and T. suis increases during the first 2-3 years after pasture contamination.Though all three helminth species stimulate the Th2 arm of the immune system, Oesophagostomum seems weakly immunogenic, perhaps via specific modulation of the host immune system. A. suum and T. suis potently modulate the host immune response, up-regulating Th2 and down-regulating Th1. As a consequence, A. suum may compromise the efficacy of certain bacterial vaccines, whereas T. suis, which establish only short-term in humans, is a favourite candidate for down-regulating autoimmune Th1-related diseases in man.Some basic research findings have offered new possibilities for future sustainable control measures. For example, the heredity of host resistance to A. suum and T. suis is so high that breeding for resistant pigs may be a possibility. Experimental studies have demonstrated that fermentable dietary carbohydrates have an antagonistic effect on Oesophagostomum and to a lesser extent on T. suis and A. suum, whereas egg-destroying microfungi may be used to inactivate the hard-shelled A. suum and T. suis eggs in the environment.Helminth control in Denmark has previously relied solely on anthelmintic treatment in herds with low helminth transmission. When indoor transmission rates * Corresponding author. Tel.: +45 3533 2746. increase, or in outdoor herds with high pasture contamination levels, medication may advantageously be combined with sustainable control measures, such as selected pig genomes, bioactive forages, and egg-destroying microfungi.

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“…The influence of SCFA on intestinal trichinellosis is stronger with the higher number of parasites. An effect of SCFA administration on parasite invasions in the intestine was also described by Petkevicius et al (2004). Infusion of SCFA and lactic acid into the caecum had a strong anti-parasitic effect in the case of Oesophagostomum dentatum, manifesting in a decreased number of eggs, mature forms, and a lowered fertility of females.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Fermentable carbohydrates cause an increase in the intensity of bacterial fermentation in the intestines. This leads to the elevated production of SCFA, the inhibiting influence of which on the survival and breeding of the nematodes, has been demonstrated (Petkevicius et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of orally administered short chain fatty acids on intestinal histopathological changes and intensity of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

Miśta¹,

Piekarska²,

Houszka³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The influence of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on histopathological changes in the small intestine and the intensity of invasion of T. spiralis in mice were investigated in this study. The animals were infected with doses of 500 and 250 T. spiralis larvae per mouse. A SCFA solution containing acetic, propionic and butyric acid (30 : 15 : 20mM) was administered orally to the mice starting from the 5 th day before infection to the 20 th day after infection (day). Fragments of the jejunum collected during dissection on the 7 th and 10 th day were used to prepare specimens to assess the histopathological changes. In the infected animals, the intestinal trichinellae were counted on the 7 th and 10 th day, while on the 42 nd day the muscle larvae number were determined. The strongest host reaction in the intestine was observed on the 7 th day at a dose of T. spiralis 500 larvae, and on the 10 th day at a dose of 250 larvae. Numerous inflammatory infiltrations, strong shortening of the intestinal villi, extension of the intestinal crypts, and the lowest ratio of the villi length to the intestinal crypts depth were observed. The ratio was 1.3 ± 0.3 on the 7 th day at a dose of 500 larvae, and on the 10 th day, at dose of 250 larvae the ratio reached 1.5 ± 0.5. Both values differed significantly from the control group: 3.3 ± 0.5 (P < 0.01). Administration of SCFA to the animals infected with T. spiralis caused remission of local histopathological changes resulting from the presence of the parasite in the small intestine after the mentioned periods. This manifested as limited villi shortening and reduced deepening of intestinal crypts. At the higher infectious dose, in animals receiving the acid solution, on the 7 th day the intestinal villi were considerably longer (356 µm ± 35) than in the group infected with T. spiralis but not treated with the acids (279 µm ± 57; P < 0.01). At a lower dose of parasites, on the 10 th day these values were 339 µm ± 88 and 306 µm ± 47 respectively and the observed differences were not statistically significant. The solution of SCFA also caused a decrease in the numbers of mature parasites in the intestine and the muscle larvae at a dose of 500 larvae/mouse. In animals receiving the SCFA, 24 050 ± 10 415 larvae were observed in muscles, while in the infected mice, which did not receive the acids, 32 875 ± 16 762 larvae were detected (P < 0.05). An increase in the intensity of infection accelerated the rate of host reaction to the presence of T. spiralis in the intestines (self-cure). To summarize, the administered solution of short chain fatty acids alleviated the formation of histopathological changes in the intestine in response to the parasite's presence, and lowered the intensity of T. spiralis invasion after infection with a higher dose of larvae.

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Effects of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acids on survival of Oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

The effect of a diet with fructan-rich chicory roots on intestinal helminths and microbiota with special focus on Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter in piglets around weaning

The effect of a diet with fructan-rich chicory roots on intestinal helminths and microbiota with special focus on Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter in piglets around weaning

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

The influence of orally administered short chain fatty acids on intestinal histopathological changes and intensity of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

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